Quaternary vegetation history in Hungary

Detailed information of SSR markers used for genotyping the RIL population. (XLSX 49 kb

Sub-100-nm Nanoparticle Arrays with Perfect Ordering and Tunable and Uniform Dimensions Fabricated by Combining Nanoimprinting with Ultrathin Alumina Membrane Technique

This work reports a nonlithographic nanopatterning approach to fabricate perfectly ordered nanoparticle arrays with tunable and uniform dimensions from about 30 to 80 nm and strict periods of 100 nm in a square lattice on large-area substrates by combining nanoimprinting with ultrathin alumina membrane technique. There is no requirement of any organic layer to support an ultrathin membrane in our novel route, which totally addressed the problems of nonuniform pores in prepatterned alumina templates and contamination during sample preparation, and thus is indispensable for our fabrication of ideally regular nanoparticle arrays on various kinds of substrates (such as flexible plastic). The effect of imprinted pressure on the prepatterning of Al foil was also studied in order to ensure the reusability of the precious imprinting stamps. This simple but efficient method provides a cost-effective platform for the fabrication of perfectly ordered nanostructures on substrates for various applications in nanotechnology

Highly Ordered Arrays of Metal/Semiconductor Core−Shell Nanoparticles with Tunable Nanostructures and Photoluminescence

Most of the approaches so far in fabricating core−shell nanoparticles (CSNs) are based on wet-chemical methods. It is usually difficult to achieve highly ordered CSN arrays on substrates from such a wet-chemical method. In this work, highly ordered indium oxide coated indium CSNs, with a structure-dependence photoluminescence, are fabricated on Si substrates using a three-step oxidation process. By controlling the three-step oxidation process, the volume ratio of the oxide shell to the whole CSN can be adjusted continuously from 0 to 1, which results in fine-tuning of the intensity and peak-shift of the photoluminescence from the CSNs. Our work is based on a dry oxidation method for fabricating CSNs, which is capable of achieving highly ordered CSN arrays with tunable nanostructures and optical properties

A General Strategy for Fabricating Unique Carbide Nanostructures with Excitation Wavelength-Dependent Light Emissions

Carbide materials have received significant investigation interest in recent years. However, it is a significant challenge to fabricate carbide nanostructures with the existing synthetic methods. Here, we report a simple method via laser ablation in organic reagents to fabricate various novel carbide nanostructures including W2C@C core−shell nanoparticles, pearl-like SiC nanorings, and fullerene-like carbon spheres. These fabricated carbide nanostructures (W2C@C, SiC nanorings) show excitation wavelength-dependent light emissions and can be tuned in a wide range, possessing application potentialities in optical devices operated at harsh conditions (e.g., high temperature, high pressure, and strong corrosive chemical atmosphere)

Highly Controllable Surface Plasmon Resonance Property by Heights of Ordered Nanoparticle Arrays Fabricated <i>via</i> a Nonlithographic Route

Perfectly ordered nanoparticle arrays are fabricated on large-area substrates (>cm²) <i>via</i> a cost-effective nonlithographic route. Different surface plasmon resonance (SPR) modes focus consequently on their own positions due to the identical shape and uniform size and distance of these plasmonic metallic nanoparticles (Ag and Au). On the basis of this and FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) simulation, this work reveals the variation of all SPR parameters (position, intensity, width, and mode) with nanoparticle heights, which demonstrates that the effect of heights are different in various stages. On increasing the heights, the major dipole SPR mode precisely blue-shifts from the near-infrared to the visible region with intensity strengthening, a peak narrowing effect, and multipole modes excitation in the UV–vis range. The intensity of multipole modes can be manipulated to be equal to or even greater than the major dipole SPR mode. After coating conformal TiO₂ shells on these nanoparticle arrays by atomic layer deposition, the strengthening of the SPR modes with increasing the heights results in the multiplying of the photocurrent (from ∼2.5 to a maximum 90 μA cm^–2) in this plasmonic-metal–semiconductor-incorporated system. This simple but effective adjustment for all SPR parameters provides guidance for the future design of plasmonic metallic nanostructures, which is significant for SPR applications

Integration of Cointercalation and Adsorption Enabling Superior Rate Performance of Carbon Anodes for Symmetric Sodium-Ion Capacitors

Carbon materials have been the most common anodes for sodium-ion storage. However, it is well-known that most carbon materials cannot obtain a satisfactory rate performance because of the sluggish kinetics of large-sized sodium-ion intercalation in ordered carbon layers. Here, we propose an integration of co-intercalation and adsorption instead of conventional simplex-intercalation and adsorption to promote the rate capability of sodium-ion storage in carbon materials. The experiment was demonstrated by using a typical carbon material, reduced graphite oxide (RGO400) in an ether-solvent electrolyte. The ordered and disordered carbon layers efficiently store solvated sodium ions and simplex sodium ions, which endows RGO400 with enhanced reversible capacity (403 mA h g–1 at 50 mA g–1 after 100 cycles) and superior rate performance (166 mA h g–1 at 20 A g–1). Furthermore, a symmetric sodium-ion capacitor was demonstrated by employing RGO400 as both the anode and cathode. It exhibits a high energy density of 48 W h g–1 at a very high power density of 10,896 W kg–1. This work updates the sodium-ion storage mechanism and provides a rational strategy to realize high rate capability for carbon electrode materials

Carrier Mobility-Dominated Gas Sensing: A Room-Temperature Gas-Sensing Mode for SnO₂ Nanorod Array Sensors

Adsorption-induced change of carrier density is presently dominating inorganic semiconductor gas sensing, which is usually operated at a high temperature. Besides carrier density, other carrier characteristics might also play a critical role in gas sensing. Here, we show that carrier mobility can be an efficient parameter to dominate gas sensing, by which room-temperature gas sensing of inorganic semiconductors is realized via a carrier mobility-dominated gas-sensing (CMDGS) mode. To demonstrate CMDGS, we design and prepare a gas sensor based on a regular array of SnO₂ nanorods on a bottom film. It is found that the key for determining the gas-sensing mode is adjusting the length of the arrayed nanorods. With the change in the nanorod length from 340 to 40 nm, the gas-sensing behavior changes from the conventional carrier-density mode to a complete carrier-mobility mode. Moreover, compared to the carrier density-dominating gas sensing, the proposed CMDGS mode enhances the sensor sensitivity. CMDGS proves to be an emerging gas-sensing mode for designing inorganic semiconductor gas sensors with high performances at room temperature

SukhdeepSingh_procedures and figures_ESM.doc from Donor–acceptor Stenhouse adduct-grafted polycarbonate surfaces: selectivity of the reaction for secondary amine on surface

Donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAS) are gaining attention from organic and material chemists due to their visible light-stimulated photochromic properties. In this report, we present a facile method for grafting coloured triene on polycarbonate surface, without involving any pre-treatments like plasma activation, etc. The chemoselectivity of carbonate with a primary amine and Meldrum's activated furan (MAF) with polymer bound secondary amine has been exploited to graft photoswitchable DASA on the polymer surface. Primary, secondary and tertiary amine-functionalized polycarbonate surfaces have been prepared to evaluate the reactivity of amine with MAF

Spatiotemporal Photopatterning on Polycarbonate Surface through Visible Light Responsive Polymer Bound DASA Compounds

Besides interesting applications in drug delivery, photoresponsive molecules have great potential to serve as an efficient basis for postfunctionalization photopatterning of polymer surfaces. To the best of our knowledge, only UV light sources have been exploited as a photoinducer for creating patterned templates with or without hydrogels. In this work, we present a practically facile method for grafting visible light responsive donor–acceptor stenhouse adducts (DASAs) on amino-functionalized polycarbonate surfaces. DASA grafted surfaces have shown excellent lithographic performance using visible light. The functionalized surfaces exhibit significant changes of their physical properties after being illuminated with visible light. By using suitable masks, well-defined patterns can be replicated with high precision and resolution. Since the DASA ligand synthesis and surface functionalization is not cumbersome, this method may serve as a facile protocol for obtaining photopatterned polymer surfaces for various applications