Haplotype block structure from one replicate generated by the extension method (ALS)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Generating samples for association studies based on HapMap data"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/9/44</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2008;9():44-44.</p><p>Published online 24 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2375120.</p><p></p

Haplotype block structure from one replicate generated by the block method (ALS)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Generating samples for association studies based on HapMap data"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/9/44</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2008;9():44-44.</p><p>Published online 24 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2375120.</p><p></p

Biobased, Reprocessable Non-isocyanate Polythiourethane Networks with Thionourethane and Disulfide Cross-Links: Comparison with Polyhydroxyurethane Network Analogues

Here, we report the first study of the reprocessability and properties of non-isocyanate polythiourethane (NIPTU) networks in which the cross-links are of two types, thionourethane and disulfide, the latter obtained by auto-oxidation of pendant thiol groups. Our two NIPTU networks are biowaste based because starting materials can be derived from cashew nutshells or rice husks. We use dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile testing, and water sorption studies to compare our NIPTU networks with structurally analogous polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) networks, which are non-isocyanate polyurethanes (PUs). With significant advantages in reactivity, mechanical properties, and cross-link density, NIPTU networks can be favorable alternatives to PHU networks. Our biobased NIPTU networks also exhibit better water resistance, with a factor of ∼3 reductions in water sorption relative to their PHU analogues. Due to their dynamic covalent cross-links, our NIPTUs show excellent reprocessability with complete recovery of cross-link density after multiple reprocessing steps as well as potential as self-healing polymers. Although their creep viscosity activation energies differ by a factor of 2, both NIPTU networks exhibit excellent creep resistance up to 80–100 °C. Thus, with elevated-temperature creep resistance and significant advantages in reactivity, mechanical properties, and water resistance, in many applications, e.g., water-resistant coatings, biobased NIPTU networks are favored as non-isocyanate substitutes for PU networks

Global warming and life under the water

<p>With the development of society, people have already stepped into a fast-developing industrial age. The use of fossil fuels, coal and petroleum has become a main source of carbon dioxide emission, which is the key of global warming. Carbon dioxide, in recent years, is known as a greenhouse gas which has caused a rise in global temperature. There are many harmful effects global warming would bring to humans. Due to dramatic climate change, it is time to raise people’s awareness towards this ecological and social issue. The purpose of this research was to find whether global warming would have any impact on life under the water and how that can be used in future predictions. This research report looked at the water data for Ontario Lake, one of the freshwater lakes among the Great Lakes. The databases of daily water surface temperature, ice concentration, and concentration of chlorophyll absorbed in water have all proven that global warming did have great influence on lacustrine organisms. Also, according to the trend that was produced from the databases, a rough future trend was able to be produced. At the end, there are also some suggestions on what people can do to reduce environmental impact.</p

Carrier Mobility Modulation in Cu₂Se Composites Using Coherent Cu₄TiSe₄ Inclusions Leads to Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance

Carrier transport engineering in bulk semiconductors using inclusion phases often results in the deterioration of carrier mobility (μ) owing to enhanced carrier scattering at phase boundaries. Here, we show by leveraging the temperature-induced structural transition between the α-Cu2Se and β-Cu2Se polymorphs that the incorporation of Cu4TiSe4 inclusions within the Cu2Se matrix results in a gradual large drop in the carrier mobility at temperatures below 400 K (α-Cu2Se), whereas the carrier mobility remains unchanged at higher temperatures, where the β-Cu2Se polymorph dominates. The sharp discrepancy in the electronic transport within the α-Cu2Se and β-Cu2Se matrices is associated with the formation of incoherent α-Cu2Se/Cu4TiSe4 interfaces, owing to the difference in their atomic structures and lattice parameters, which results in enhanced carrier scattering. In contrast, the similarity of the Se sublattices between β-Cu2Se and Cu4TiSe4 gives rise to coherent phase boundaries and good band alignment, which promote carrier transport across the interfaces. Interestingly, the different cation arrangements in Cu4TiSe4 and β-Cu2Se contribute to enhanced phonon scattering at the interfaces, which leads to a reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity. The large reduction in the total thermal conductivity while preserving the high power factor of β-Cu2Se in the (1–x)Cu2Se/(x)Cu4TiSe4 composites results in an improved ZT of 1.2 at 850 K, with an average ZT of 0.84 (500–850 K) for the composite with x = 0.01. This work highlights the importance of structural similarity between the matrix and inclusions when designing thermoelectric materials with improved energy conversion efficiency

Additional file 2 of Association of maternal obesity with preterm birth phenotype and mediation effects of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia: a prospective cohort study

Additional file 2: Table S2. The relative risks of preterm birth with or without GDM/PE

Additional file 3 of Association of maternal obesity with preterm birth phenotype and mediation effects of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia: a prospective cohort study

Additional file 3: Table S3. Distribution characteristics of GDM/PE in Different BMI Groups between Preterm Birth

Additional file 1 of Association of maternal obesity with preterm birth phenotype and mediation effects of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia: a prospective cohort study

Additional file 1: Table S1. Maternal Pre-pregnancy BMI and Risks of Clinical Phenotypes of Preterm Birth without GDM/PE

Non-isocyanate Polythiourethane Network from Biowaste: Achieving Circularity via Multidimensional Chemical Recycling with Valuable Small-Molecule Recovery and Reprocessability by Understanding the Dynamic Chemistry

We studied and established the dual nature of non-isocyanate polythiourethane (NIPTU) dynamic chemistry and capitalized on our understanding to achieve multidimensional chemical recycling of a cross-linked NIPTU, also known as poly­(mercapto-thiourethane). This NIPTU chemical recycling includes the first demonstration of recovery of valuable small molecules in addition to reprocessability with full cross-link density recovery. In particular, we performed the first investigation of NIPTU dynamic chemistry using small-molecule analogues. We identified two types of dynamic chemistry: reversible cyclic thiocarbonate aminolysis, where the non-isocyanate thiourethane (NITU) groups in NIPTU reversibly dissociate into cyclic thiocarbonates and amines, and trans­(thio)­carbamoylation, where the thionourethane linkages within the NITU groups undergo exchange reactions with alcohol. We synthesized a renewable glycerol-based NIPTU (GNIPTU) with a high biowaste-derivable content. Capitalizing on trans­(thio)­carbamoylation, we recovered pure di­(thiocarbamate) small molecules with a 94 mol % yield, one of the highest yields among reported studies of chemical recycling of polymers. The GNIPTU network exhibited full property recovery after reprocessing, providing another effective method of chemical recycling. With robust properties, high biowaste-derivable content, the capability to undergo multidimensional chemical recycling with excellent small-molecule recovery, and full reprocessability, the GNIPTU network exemplifies how low-cost, renewable, non-isocyanate polyurethane-like materials can be developed with both high-performance characteristics and the potential to contribute meaningfully to polymer circularity

Major gene ontology (GO) terms for <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i> exposed to different biochar, respectively.

Rich factor was the ratio of significant to annotated DEGs. (TIF)</p