Diapause termination rate and average pre-hatching period for diapausing eggs of <i>A</i>. <i>lucorum</i> exposed to different water treatments under warm long day conditions.

<p>Diapause termination rate and average pre-hatching period for diapausing eggs of <i>A</i>. <i>lucorum</i> exposed to different water treatments under warm long day conditions.</p

Diapause termination rate of <i>A</i>. <i>lucorum</i> eggs being watered at different times during the post-diapause stage.

<p>The lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the probability level of 0.05.</p

Effect of Water on Survival and Development of Diapausing Eggs of <i>Apolygus lucorum</i> (Hemiptera: Miridae) - Fig 5

<p><b>The relationship between post-diapause development duration (A) and watering-to-hatching period of resumed development (B) and the time to watering (<i>T</i></b>_{<b><i>2</i></b>}<b>) in post-diapause stage for <i>A</i>. <i>lucorum</i>.</b> The triangle (Δ), inverted triangle, the cross (×) and bar (┬) indicate the minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation of development duration in each treatment, respectively. NDE represents the developmental duration of non-diapause eggs. The thick solid curve indicates the relationship between post-diapause development duration (<i>Dp</i>) and time to watering (<i>T</i>_<i>2</i>) (dry days experienced) described by <i>Dp</i> = 19.12 + (31.08–19.12) / (1 + exp ((8.90—<i>T</i>_<i>2</i>) / 0.56)). The thin dashed curve indicates the relationship between development duration of the post-diapause stage for the first hatchlings (<i>D</i>_<i>p1</i>) and time to watering (<i>T</i>_<i>2</i>) described by <i>D</i>_<i>p1</i> = 8.32 + (26.91–8.32) / (1 + exp ((10.07—<i>T</i>_<i>2</i>) / 3.13)). The lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the probability level of 0.05.</p

Relationship between pre-hatching period (<i>P</i>) of diapausing eggs and time to watering (<i>T</i>_<i>1</i>) under warm long day conditions.

<p>The triangle (Δ), inverted triangle, the cross (×) and bar (┬) indicate the minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation of the pre-hatching period in each treatment, respectively. The time to watering (<i>T</i>_<i>1</i>) was 24, 35, 53, 63, 76, 84, 95 and 109 days, respectively. The exponential curve indicates the relationship (<i>P</i> = 72.53 exp (0.0037 <i>T</i>_<i>1</i>)) between the pre-hatching period and time to watering.</p

Diapause termination rate of diapausing <i>A</i>. <i>lucorum</i> eggs exposed to different water treatments during chilling at 4°C.

<p>The different lowercase letters indicated significant differences at the probability level of 0.05.</p

The post-diapause development duration of <i>A</i>. <i>lucorum</i> eggs with different water treatments during chilling at 4°C.

<p>NDE represents the developmental duration of non-diapause eggs. The different lowercase letters above each box indicated significant differences at the probability level of 0.05.</p

Flow chart showing water treatments during the diapause/post-diapause stage under warm long-day conditions, during the diapause termination (chilling) stage, and during the post-diapause stage (from transfer to WLD conditions after chilling until the hatching of nymphs).

<p>Watering once on day XX denotes watering on day 24, 35, 53, 63, 76, 84, 95, or 109 of incubation, respectively. Watering 2 or 3 ml every YY days means watering with either 2 or 3 ml water every 3 (watering with only 2 ml), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days, respectively. Soaking for 1 or 3 h every ZZ days means soaking eggs for either 1 or 3 h every 5, 10 and 15 days, respectively. Watering once on day MM denotes watering once on day 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 of chilling, respectively. Watering once on day NN denotes watering once on day 0, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 or 22 after transfer to WLD conditions, respectively.</p