Financing an online newsvendor with considering the impact of advertising strategy

This study examines the relationship between advertising and financing decisions in an online supply chain consisting of an e-platform and a capital-constrained retailer. The e-platform is the leader in a Stackelberg game, and the interaction is modelled in two advertising scenarios. The results indicate that advertising can reduce risk and is always beneficial, with an e-platform willing to support the retailer only when the former decides on the advertising level. When providing both advertising and financing services, the e-platform gains the ability to directly regulate the retailer's ordering decisions, thereby increasing its strategic flexibility.</p

The associations between socio-demo-economic characteristics and patterns of concordance between parent-child body weight status: Multinomial logistic models¹.

1<p>The odds ratio (OR) for specific patterns of concordance in dyad overweight status as observed across socio-demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. All the variables shown in this table (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065361#pone-0065361-t005" target="_blank">Table 5</a>) were specified in the multinomial logistic model. For each model for the father-child dyads, the reference group for the dependent variable were non-overweight father-non-overweight child dyads. The same held for mother-child dyads; the reference group for the dependent variable for each model were non-overweight mother-non-overweight child dyads.</p>2<p>Overweight status was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m² for adults and BMI ≥85^th percentile for children.</p>3<p>NH, non-Hispanic.</p>4<p>MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.</p><p>Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2006–2007.</p

Logistic regression models for the association between planned mode of delivery and method of feeding^a.

a<p> <i>Data shown are odds ratio (95% confidence interval) and number (percentage);</i></p>b<p> <i>Odds ratio expresses the likelihood that mothers will exclusively breastfeed their babies before discharge in the planned CDMR group compared to that in the planned VD group;</i></p>c<p> <i>Odds ratio expresses the likelihood that mothers will formula feed their babies before discharge in the planned CDMR group compared to that in the planned VD group;</i></p>d<p> <i>Adjusted for maternal age at delivery, BMI, gestation, infant birthweight, year of delivery, occupation, educational level, delivery hospital level, infant sex, mother's hospital stay before discharge, and location of residence or site of delivery or both.</i></p

Age trends in the Pearson partial correlation coefficient between parent’s BMI and child’s BMI for age by dyad types.

<p>X axis: Kid’ age. Y axis: Correlation coefficient r. P value for dyads: P  = 0.0008 for mother-daughter pairs; P  = 0.9784 for mother-son pairs; P  = 0.3101 for father-daughter pairs; P  = 0.4100 for father- son pairs.</p

Description of maternal and infant characteristics by planned mode of delivery^a.

a<p> <i>Data shown are mean (SD) for continuous variables and number (percentage) for categorical variables; Percentages for each categorical variable do not always add up to 100% because of missing data; CDMR: cesarean delivery on maternal request; VD: vaginal delivery.</i></p

Percent agreement (%) and weighted kappa coefficients between parent and children BMI quintiles by dyad type and characteristics¹.

1<p>For children, age- and sex-specific quintiles of BMI were used. For parents, sex-specific BMI quintiles were used. Weighted kappa values can be interpreted as follows: κ<0.20 =  poor agreement, κ between 0.20–0.40 =  fair agreement, κ between 0.40–0.60 =  moderate agreement, κ between 0.60–0.80 =  good agreement, and κ≥0.80 =  very good agreement.</p>2<p>The expected percent of agreement is 20%.</p>3<p>SEM are reported in parentheses and were obtained through Fay's balanced repeated replication (BRR) method of estimation.</p>4<p>Weighted kappa coefficients were calculated using the Cicchetti-Allison weight matrix (see text). All point estimates have taken MEPS’ sampling design into account. ⁵ NH, non-Hispanic;</p>5<p>MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.</p><p>Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2006–2007.</p

Logistic regression models for the association between actual route of delivery and method of breastfeeding^a.

a<p> <i>VD: vaginal delivery; CDMR: cesarean delivery on maternal request; CD: cesarean delivery;</i></p>b<p> <i>Odds ratio expresses the likelihood that mothers will exclusively breastfeed their babies before discharge compared to that in the reference group;</i></p>c<p> <i>Odds ratio expresses the likelihood that mothers will formula feed their babies before discharge compared to that in the reference group;</i></p>d<p> <i>Adjusted for maternal age at delivery, BMI, gestation, infant birthweight, year of delivery, location of residence, site of delivery, occupation, education level, delivery hospital level, infant sex, and mother's hospital stay before discharge.</i></p

A Novel Calcium-Dependent Bacterial Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C Displaying Unprecedented Magnitudes of Thio Effect, Inverse Thio Effect, and Stereoselectivity

Understanding the potential range of enzymatic thio effects (kO/kS) is of great value when using sulfur-substituted phosphate analogues to study phosphoryl transfer reactions in enzymes and ribozymes. Herein we report that a newly discovered Ca2+-dependent Streptomyces antibioticus phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C and its mutants display unprecedented magnitudes of thio effect, inverse thio effect, and RP/SP stereoselectivity. We demonstrate that for a single enzyme the bridging thio effect can vary from 0.002 to 20 and the nonbridging thio effect can vary from 1 to 108. These values fall outside the range of those reported for nonenzymatic reactions, emphasizing the need for cautious interpretation when using thio effects to elucidate details of enzyme catalysis

Characteristics of US children and their parents.

1<p>Statistics are reported either as means with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for continuous variables or percentages with their 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for categorical variables.</p>2<p>Chi-square tests were used to test for between-group differences for categorical variables; t-tests were used for continuous variables.</p><p>Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2006–2007.</p

The data processing to create the cohort of planned CDMR and planned VD.

<p>The data processing to create the cohort of planned CDMR and planned VD.</p