Transition Metal-Free 1,2-Carboboration of Unactivated Alkenes

A method for transition metal-free 1,2-carboboration of unactivated alkenes with bis­(catecholato)­diboron as the boron source in combination with alkyl halides as the alkyl component is introduced. The three-component reaction proceeds via a radical pathway on a broad range of unactivated alkenes, and the 1,2-carboboration products serve as valuable synthetic building blocks. Density functional theory calculations provide insights into the mechanism

Legislative Documents

Also, variously referred to as: House bills; House documents; House legislative documents; legislative documents; General Court documents

Drivers’ Visual Characteristics when Merging onto or Exiting an Urban Expressway

<div><p>The aim of this study is to examine drivers’ visual and driving behavior while merging onto or exiting an urban expressway with low and high traffic densities. The analysis was conducted according to three periods (approaching, merging or exiting, and accelerating or decelerating). A total of 10 subjects (8 males and 2 females) with ages ranging from 25 to 52 years old (M = 30.0 years old) participated in the study. The research was conducted in a natural driving situation, and the drivers’ eye movements were monitored and recorded using an eye tracking system. The results show that the influence of traffic density on the glance duration and scan duration is more significant when merging than when exiting. The results also demonstrate that the number of glances and the mean glance duration are mainly related to the driving task (e.g., the merging period). Therefore, drivers’ visual search strategies mainly depend on the current driving task. With regard to driving behavior, the variation tendencies of the duration and the velocity of each period are similar. These results support building an automated driving assistant system that can automatically identify gaps and accelerate or decelerate the car accordingly or provide suggestions to the driver to do so.</p></div

Changing Reaction Pathways of the Dimerization of 2‑Formylcinnamates by N‑Heterocyclic Carbene/Lewis Acid Cooperative Catalysis: An Unusual Cleavage of the Carbon–Carbon Bond

Catalyzed by a triazole carbene, the dimerization of 2-formylcinnamates underwent benzoin condensation followed by intramolecular oxa-Michael addition to afford isochromeno­[4,3-<i>c</i>]­isochromene products. Under the catalysis of a combination of triazole carbene and Ti­(OPr-<i>i</i>)₄ catalysts, the dimerization reaction of 2-formylcinnamates proceeded through a completely different route to furnish the formation of isochromenone derivatives with the elimination of an acetate moiety

Experimental regression model.

<p>Experimental regression model.</p

Selective Synthesis of Multifunctionalized 2,3-Dihydroinden-1-ones and 1,3-Dihydroisobenzofurans from the Reaction of <i>o</i>‑Alkynylbenzaldehydes with Imines Steered by N‑Heterocyclic Carbene/Copper(II) and N‑Heterocyclic Carbene/Base Cascade Catalysis

We report in this paper the N-heterocyclic carbene/transition metal and N-heterocyclic carbene/base cascade catalysis in the reaction of <i>o</i>-alkynylbenzaldehydes with <i>N</i>-acylimines, demonstrating the example of reaction pathways steered by catalysts. Under the catalysis of a thiazole carbene/Et₃N followed by Cu­(OAc)₂ in acetonitrile at ambient temperature, <i>o</i>-alkynylbenzaldehydes underwent reaction with <i>N</i>-acylimines that were generated in situ from <i>N</i>-((aryl)­(tosyl)­methyl)­amides to produce a pair of <i>Z</i>- and <i>E</i>-2-amido-3-benzylidene-1-indanones in 47–92% total yields. The reaction of the same substrates in the presence of a thiazole carbene and Cs₂CO₃, on the other hand, afforded (1<i>E</i>,3<i>Z</i>)-1-amidobenzylidene-3-benzylidene-1,3-dihydroisobenzofurans in 54–89% yields

Mean glance duration of each <i>DIR</i> with high and low traffic densities at the entrance or exit.

<p>Mean glance duration of each <i>DIR</i> with high and low traffic densities at the entrance or exit.</p

The velocity of the merging or exiting behavior with high and low traffic densities.

<p>The velocity of the merging or exiting behavior with high and low traffic densities.</p

Entering or exiting an urban expressway and the three analysis periods.

<p>Red line traces the route that the subjects drove. The gray car is driven by the subject according to the planned route. White cars are traveling around the experiment car.</p

The relationship between glanceTPerc and scanTPerc at different traffic densities when entering (%).

<p>Drivers’ cognitive resources or cognitive energy consists of glanceTPerc and scanTPerc, glanceTPerc consists of 5 DIRs’ glanceTPerc during the merging task and glanceTPerc is further analysed for 5 directions (DIRs).</p