Soil dehydrogenase activity, leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and soluble sugar contents.

<p>S: spray PPB; I: irrigation PPB; S+I: spray+irrigation PPB; CK: control. standard deviation of the mean (n = 3) is shown, different letters demonstrate a significant difference at <i>P</i><0.05.</p

RDA of <i>S. rebaudiana</i> parameters and soil dehydrogenase activity under different PPB treatments.

<p>S: spray PPB; I: irrigation PPB; S+I: spray+irrigation PPB; CK: control.</p

Plant biomass (a), stevioside content (b), and stevioside yield (c) of <i>S. rebaudiana</i> under different PPB treatments.

<p>S: spray PPB; I: irrigation PPB; S+I: spray+irrigation PPB; CK: control. Bars indicate the standard deviation of the mean (n = 3), different letters demonstrate a significant difference at <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Overall meta-analysis of all the studies included for the association of <i>H. pylori</i> infection with pancreatic cancer.

<p>OR, odds ratio. CI, confidence interval.</p

Meta-analysis of the four high-quality studies for the association of <i>H. pylori</i> infection with pancreatic cancer.

<p>OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p

Funnel plot to detect publication bias.

<p>Funnel plot to detect publication bias.</p

Subgroup analysis stratified by geographic distribution for the association of <i>H. pylori</i> infection with pancreatic cancer.

<p>OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p

Meta-analysis of studies for the association of infection with CagA+ <i>versus</i> CagA- <i>H. pylori</i> strains and pancreatic cancer.

<p>OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p

Flow diagram of literature search and study selection.

<p>Flow diagram of literature search and study selection.</p

Reference trajectory modification based on spatial iterative learning for contour control of 2-axis NC systems

Contour error is a main factor that affects the quality of products in numerical control (NC) machining. This paper presents a contour control strategy based on digital curves for high-precision control of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. A contour error estimation algorithm is presented for digital curves based on a geometrical method. The dynamic model of the motion control system is transformed from time domain to space domain because the contour error is dependent on space instead of time. Spatial iterative learning control (sILC) is developed to reduce the contour error, by modifying the reference trajectory in the form of G code. This allows system improvement without interference of low-level controllers so it is applicable to many commercial controllers where interpolators and feed-drive controllers cannot be altered. The effectiveness of this method is verified by experiments on a NC machine, which have shown good performance not only for smooth trajectories but also for large curvature trajectories