Anchor formulation.

We depict each parameter in the 2D/3D anchor formulation.</p

3D detection.

3D detection.</p

Encoder decoder network structure.

We employ a straightforward encoder-decoder architecture with skip connections. The encoder part is a pre-trained truncated DenseNet-169 [21] with no additional modifications. The decoder is composed of basic blocks of convolutional layers.</p

Ablations.

Ablations.</p

Synthesis and characterisation of novel side-chain chiral liquid crystalline elastomers with long dimer mesogens

<p>In this work, novel nematic monomer (M₁), chiral monomer (M₂) and crosslinker (CL) have been synthesised to form a series of side chain chiral liquid crystalline elastomers (ChLCEs) LCE₁-LCE₇ by graft copolymerisation with poly(methylhydrogeno)siloxane backbone. M₁ and M₂ were both dimer type with great length, and the chiral 2-octyl terminal group was seldom used in liquid crystal elastomer system. The chemical structures, thermal stability and LC phase behaviours of monomers, crosslinker and ChLCEs were examined by different experimental techniques. The helical structure of combining the chiral and achiral liquid crystalline side chains endowed the obtained ChLCEs with chiral nematic liquid crystalline properties. By changing the dosages of the crosslinker, the mesomorphic properties of ChLCEs could be adjusted. The mesophase-isotropic phase range of the ChLCEs were slightly broadened with increasing addition of CL according to the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The synthesised ChLCEs exhibited excellent thermal stability from thermal analysis (TG) results. The effective crosslink density (_c) of the ChLCEs was characterised by swelling experiments showing the molecular weight between the crosslinking points decreasing with the increase of the CL. The FT-IR imaging system indicates the functional groups of all the ChLCEs are well distributed.</p

Table_1_Real-world national trends and socio-economic factors preference of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in China.docx

BackgroundsRobust evidence have demonstrated the beneficial effect of Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) in T2D patients with cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. Multiple studies analyzed patterns and predictors of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA in the US, Europe and worldwide. However, there is no study about the utilization of these two classes of drugs in real-world in China.MethodA total of 181743 prescriptions of SGLT2i and 59720 GLP-1RA were retrospectively pooled from Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperation Project from 2018 to 2021. The social-economic characteristics of patients and prescribers, including age, gender, residency, hospital level, insurance type, department visited, and payment amount, were collected and analyzed to study trends and risk factors associated with preference among two antidiabetics.ResultsAnnual number of prescriptions of SGLT2i significantly increased to approximately 140 folds, while GLP-1RA increased to about 6.5 folds. After adjustment for socio-economic information, several patients or physician characteristics were positively associated with the preference of GLP-1RA, including female gender (OR 1.581, 95% CI 1.528-1.635), residents in second-tier cities (OR 1.194, 95% CI 1.148-1.142), visiting primary or secondary hospital level (OR 2.387, 95% CI 2.268-2.512); while other factors were associated with the preference of SGLT2i, including older adults (OR 0.713, 95% CI 0.688-0.739), uncovered by insurance (OR 0.310, 95% CI 0.293-0.329), visiting other departments compared with endocrinology. In addition, the share of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA was low but in an increasing tendency.ConclusionsSGLT2i and GLP-1RA prescription significantly increased from 2018 to 2021. The socio-economic risk factors in choosing SGLT2i or GLP-1RA highlight an effort required to reduce disparities and improve health outcomes.</p

Synthesis and characterisation of novel chiral smectic liquid crystalline elastomers containing menthol dimer-type side chain

<p>A series of siloxane-based chiral smectic liquid crystalline elastomers (ChSLCEs) formed by a dimer-type smectic monomer (M₁), a dimer-type chiral smectic monomer (M₂) and a smectic cross-linker (CL) were reported. M₁ and M₂ were both new liquid crystals with dimer structures, and their chemical structures and purities were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectra and ¹H NMR. The thermal stability and mesomorphism of monomers, cross-linker and ChSLCEs were examined by different analytical techniques. The results showed both monomers exhibited excellent smectic properties. The combination of different smectic phases from the two liquid crystalline side chains endowed the obtained ChSLCEs with good chiral smectic properties. The effect of different dosages of cross-linkers on the mesomorphic properties of the elastomers was also examined. The temperature ranges of mesophase-isotropic phases was narrowed with increasing addition of the cross-linkers according to the differential scanning calorimetry. All of the ChSLCEs exhibited good thermal stability from thermal gravity analysis results. The effective cross-link densities of ChSLCEs were calculated according to the swelling experiments to give the fact that the molecular weights between the cross-linking points decrease with the increase of the cross-linkers. Novel achiral smectic monomer (M1), chiral smectic monomer (M2), and an achiral smectic crosslinking agent (CL) have been synthesized to form a series of side chain chiral smectic liquid crystalline elastomers (ChSLCEs) LCE1-LCE7 by graft copolymerization with the poly(methylhydrogeno)siloxane backbone</p