Advances in the management of radiation-induced cystitis in patients with pelvic malignancies

Radiotherapy plays a vital role as a treatment for malignant pelvic tumors, in which the bladder represents a significant organ at risk involved during tumor radiotherapy. Exposing the bladder wall to high doses of ionizing radiation is unavoidable and will lead to radiation cystitis (RC) because of its central position in the pelvic cavity. Radiation cystitis will result in several complications (e.g. frequent micturition, urgent urination, and nocturia) that can significantly reduce the patient’s quality of life and in very severe cases become life-threatening. Existing studies on the pathophysiology, prevention, and management of radiation-induced cystitis from January 1990 to December 2021 were reviewed. PubMed was used as the main search engine. Besides the reviewed studies, citations to those studies were also included. In this review, the symptoms of radiation cystitis and the mainstream grading scales employed in clinical situations are presented. Next, preclinical and clinical research on preventing and treating radiation cystitis are summarized, and an overview of currently available prevention and treatment strategies as guidelines for clinicians is provided. Treatment options involve symptomatic treatment, vascular interventional therapy, surgery, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), bladder irrigation, and electrocoagulation. Prevention includes filling up the bladder to remove it from the radiation field and delivering radiation based on helical tomotherapy and CT-guided 3D intracavitary brachytherapy techniques.</p

Enhancement of microwave squeezing via parametric down-conversion in a superconducting quantum circuit

We propose an experimentally accessible superconducting quantum circuit, consisting of two coplanar waveguide resonators (CWRs), to enhance the microwave squeezing via parametric down-conversion (PDC). In our scheme, the two CWRs are nonlinearly coupled through a superconducting quantum interference device embedded in one of the CWRs. This is equivalent to replacing the transmission line in a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) by a CWR, which makes it possible to drive the JPA by a quantized microwave field. Owing to this design, the PDC coefficient can be considerably increased to be about tens of megahertz, satisfying the strong-coupling condition. Using the Heisenberg-Langevin approach, we numerically show the enhancement of the microwave squeezing in our scheme. In contrast to the JPA, our proposed system becomes stable around the critical point and can generate stronger transient squeezing. In addition, the strong-coupling PDC can be used to engineer the photon blockade

The Rovibrational Spectra of <i>trans</i>- and <i>cis</i>-HOCO, Calculated by MULTIMODE with ab Initio Potential Energy and Dipole Moment Surfaces

The code MULTIMODE is used in its reaction path version, along with ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces introduced earlier, to predict the infrared spectra of both trans and cis forms of HOCO at temperatures 296 and 15 K. All six fundamentals are isolated for each isomer and temperature, and their main features examined, paying particular attention to the OH stretch fundamental, whose spectrum has been reported experimentally for trans-HOCO. The current spectra for cis-HOCO, while not of “spectroscopic” accuracy, should be sufficient to aid in new experimental efforts to record the spectrum of this isomer

Ab Initio Deconstruction of the Vibrational Relaxation Pathways of Dilute HOD in Ice Ih

Coupled intramolecular and intermolecular vibrational quantum dynamics, using an ab initio potential energy surface, successfully describes the subpicosecond relaxation of the OD and OH stretch fundamental and first overtone of dilute HOD in ice Ih. The calculations indicate that more than one intermolecular mode along with the three intramolecular modes is needed to describe the relaxation, in contrast to a recent study using a phenomenological potential in just two degrees of freedom. Detailed time-dependent relaxation pathways from 6-mode calculations are also given

The relationship between the traffic zone and roads

This file describes the traffic zone and its enclosing roads. In addition, the center point coordinates of traffic zones for reference are also given

Signature of the North Atlantic Oscillation on British solar radiation availability and PV potential: The winter zonal seesaw

The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on winter solar radiation in the British Isles is explored. Records of global horizontal radiation (GHR) from a set of UK Meteorological Office pyranometers spanning the last three decades have been compared to Hurrell's Winter NAO Index (WiNAOI). GHR in the West of Great Britain is found to be negatively correlated with WiNAOI; in eastern England, on the contrary, the correlation is significantly positive.These results disagree at least partially with the existing literature connecting NAO with irradiance in Europe, which reports a gradient of WiNAOI-versus-GHR's correlation oriented mainly meridionally, with the correlation coefficient becoming increasingly negative with increasing latitude.The picture for Great Britain emerging from the present high resolution study, instead, shows a correlation gradient dominated by a zonal component over Engl� the year-to-year winter solar radiation variance associated with variations in WiNAOI is estimated to be 35 using Empirical Orthogonal Functions analysis.Over the last 16. years, monthly GHR averaged over negative WiNAOI winters is 9.3 higher in a representative South-West location with respect to positive WiNAOI years, while in a sample South-East (SE) location is 10.3 lower. This clear result could impact large photovoltaic proposals, as it links a non-negligible fraction of winter's yield to a known climatic phenomenon. Although WiNAOI predictability is limited, the present analysis highlights that while winter solar radiation is mainly in phase with WiNAOI in the East, it is mainly in opposite phase in the West: to some extent, spatial variability can even out year-to-year variability in power yield. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.</p

The synthetic individual-level trip dataset

The synthetic vehicle individual-level dataset contains 1,829,218 trip records of 276,978 vehicle individuals in Xuancheng for one week. Each record of the dataset represents one trip of an individual, containing departure time at the minute level, trip origin, and destination represented by traffic zone, as well as the trip path that consists of a sequence of roads. Besides, there is a field to indicate the traveller type of the individual like commuter

Signature of the North Atlantic Oscillation on British solar radiation availability and PV potential: The winter zonal seesaw

The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on winter solar radiation in the British Isles is explored. Records of global horizontal radiation (GHR) from a set of UK Meteorological Office pyranometers spanning the last three decades have been compared to Hurrell's Winter NAO Index (WiNAOI). GHR in the West of Great Britain is found to be negatively correlated with WiNAOI; in eastern England, on the contrary, the correlation is significantly positive.These results disagree at least partially with the existing literature connecting NAO with irradiance in Europe, which reports a gradient of WiNAOI-versus-GHR's correlation oriented mainly meridionally, with the correlation coefficient becoming increasingly negative with increasing latitude.The picture for Great Britain emerging from the present high resolution study, instead, shows a correlation gradient dominated by a zonal component over Engl� the year-to-year winter solar radiation variance associated with variations in WiNAOI is estimated to be 35 using Empirical Orthogonal Functions analysis.Over the last 16. years, monthly GHR averaged over negative WiNAOI winters is 9.3 higher in a representative South-West location with respect to positive WiNAOI years, while in a sample South-East (SE) location is 10.3 lower. This clear result could impact large photovoltaic proposals, as it links a non-negligible fraction of winter's yield to a known climatic phenomenon. Although WiNAOI predictability is limited, the present analysis highlights that while winter solar radiation is mainly in phase with WiNAOI in the East, it is mainly in opposite phase in the West: to some extent, spatial variability can even out year-to-year variability in power yield. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.</p

The Water Hexamer: Cage, Prism, or Both. Full Dimensional Quantum Simulations Say Both

State-of-the-art quantum simulations on a full-dimensional ab initio potential energy surface are used to characterize the properties of the water hexamer. The relative populations of the different isomers are determined over a wide range of temperatures. While the prism isomer is identified as the global minimum-energy structure, the quantum simulations, which explicitly include zero-point energy and quantum thermal motion, predict that both the cage and prism isomers are present at low temperature down to almost 0 K. This is largely consistent with the available experimental data and, in particular, with very recent measurements of broadband rotational spectra of the water hexamer recorded in supersonic expansions

Additional file 4 of A 20-year bibliometric analysis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy: from 2001 to 2020

Additional file 4: Supplementary Figure 3. Country collaboration map. Two countries connected by a red line indicates that these countries have cooperated with each other. The color intensity of a country is related to the number of collaborations, with a darker color indicating a greater number of collaborations