383 research outputs found

    Table_1_A corpus-based study of modal verbs in Chinese–English governmental press conference interpreting.XLSX

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    This study investigates the use of modal verbs in Chinese–English government press conference (GPC) interpretation. Modal verbs mark the speaker’s opinion of or attitude toward the event described in a sentence. Interpreters also use modal verbs to indicate the stances of the source language speakers. The use of modal verbs has been examined in such contexts as research papers, textbooks, and second language learners’ output; however, studies that compare differences in modal verbs between source and target languages in the context of interpreting are sparse. The investigation being reported is based on a comparable corpus—an original Chinese GPC and its English-translated version—and a parallel corpus—a translated English GPC and the original English version from the US. The results of the comparable corpus analysis indicate that the frequency of modal verbs in translated English is significantly higher than in original Chinese, in which only 40% of the modal verbs in translated English are consistent with their Chinese counterparts, while others are employed through amplification and value variation. The results of the parallel corpus analysis suggest that the increase of modal verbs in the target texts may help to achieve certain types of pragmatic functions in English.</p

    Molecular Dynamics Simulation Combined with Near-Field Electromagnetic Analysis for Ultrashort-Pulsed Light-Induced Plasmonic Nanobubbles

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    Ultrashort-pulsed light-induced nanobubbles gain great attention in research fields such as cancer therapy, optical imaging, and drug delivery. However, the mechanism governing the nucleation and growth of nanobubbles remains controversial. In this study, a molecular dynamics simulation combined with near-field electromagnetic theory is developed to investigate the influence of the localized surface plasmon resonance effect (LSPR) on nanobubble nucleation under various time-length pulsed light and to reveal the energy transfer differences during the nanobubble generation process. The results show that when silver nanoparticles (NPs) are irradiated by a 5 ps shorter-pulsed light, the temperature of the water layer adjacent to the nanoparticle surpasses that of the nanoparticle itself and reaches the spinodal temperature. This leads to nanobubbles’ rapid nucleation at approximately 20 ps, which is 80 ps earlier than that irradiated by a 100 ps longer-pulsed light. Comparatively, during longer-pulsed light irradiation, a slower increase in both the temperature of the silver NPs and the water layer results in delayed nucleation of nanobubbles. Therefore, the plasmonic nanobubbles (PNBs) were observed around in 74 and 100 ps when irradiated by 50 and 100 ps longer-pulsed light, respectively. Moreover, the result indicates that the LSPR-induced enhanced electric field by shorter-pulsed light (5 ps) is 2.1 × 1010 V/m, which can accelerate the motion of water molecules surrounding silver NPs, resulting in rapid generation of nanobubbles. However, the intensities of the resonant electric field drop to 5.6 × 109 and 5.0 × 109 V/m when the duration times of pulsed light are 50 and 100 ps, respectively. These results indicate that the energy transfer mechanism of plasmonic nanobubbles (PNBs) under ultrashort-pulsed light irradiation might be very different from that of thermally mediated nanobubbles (TNBs). This work provides new insights into understanding the generation of PNBs induced by ultrashort-pulsed light

    An improved method for generalisation of point features with consideration of reinforcing relationships

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    Point feature selection aims at preserving global patterns of point cluster during map scaling. This is an important technique for clear presentation of points in multi-scale maps. However, existing methods tend to include single point features ignoring the spatial interactions between two types of points. For example, based on the Input Sharing mechanism in agglomeration economics, different types of facilities are usually co-located together to reinforce their functions in business competition. In this respect, generalization of a point feature should consider not only its own importance but also the reinforcing effects from other features. In this paper, an improved method is proposed by including the spatial contextual information. Experiments suggest that our method can preserve service patterns after generalization.</p

    DataSheet1_Application of Hyaluronic Acid as a Biopolymer Material in Reconstruction of Interdental Papilla in Rats.CSV

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    Applying hyaluronic acid, a biopolymer material, in the treatment of interdental papilla reconstruction has become a trend. The main objective of this research is to investigate the histologic effect of hyaluronic acid on interdental papilla over time. Deficient interdental papilla models were surgically created in sixty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and were randomly treated with the injection of hyaluronic acid (HA group) or phosphate-buffered saline (sham control group) or left untreated (control group). After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed in batches to observe the histological changes. A fluorochrome label was used to monitor bone formation in 8 weeks. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the expression of potentially relevant cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and Wnt-induced secreted protein 1 (WISP1) in the gingival tissue in 8 weeks. A preliminary study of HA degradation after 24 weeks was performed in two rats. Following the HA injection, no inflammation or granulomatous foreign body reaction was observed. HA was able to promote collagen fiber and alveolar bone regular formation in the reconstruction site. HA also enhanced VEGF, BMP-2, and WISP-1 expression in gingival tissue (p<0.05). After 24 weeks, there was no HA filler observed in the interdental papilla. In conclusion, our study suggested that HA is an effective way to reconstruct deficient interdental papilla.</p

    Data_Sheet_1_Soil Bacteria in Urban Community Gardens Have the Potential to Disseminate Antimicrobial Resistance Through Horizontal Gene Transfer.zip

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    Fifteen soil and 45 vegetable samples from Detroit community gardens were analyzed for potential antimicrobial resistance contamination. Soil bacteria were isolated and tested by antimicrobial susceptibility profiling, horizontal gene transfer, and whole-genome sequencing. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was conducted on collected soil samples to determine the total bacterial composition. Of 226 bacterial isolates recovered, 54 were from soil and 172 from vegetables. A high minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was defined as the MIC greater than or equal to the resistance breakpoint of Escherichia coli for Gram-negative bacteria or Staphylococcus aureus for Gram-positive bacteria. The high MIC was observed in 63.4 and 69.8% of Gram-negative isolates from soil and vegetables, respectively, against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, as well as 97.5 and 82.7% against ampicillin, 97.6 and 90.7% against ceftriaxone, 85.4 and 81.3% against cefoxitin, 65.8 and 70.5% against chloramphenicol, and 80.5 and 59.7% against ciprofloxacin. All Gram-positive bacteria showed a high MIC to gentamicin, kanamycin, and penicillin. Forty of 57 isolates carrying tetM (70.2%) successfully transferred tetracycline resistance to a susceptible recipient via conjugation. Whole-genome sequencing analysis identified a wide array of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), including those encoding AdeIJK, Mex, and SmeDEF efflux pumps, suggesting a high potential of the isolates to become antimicrobial resistant, despite some inconsistency between the gene profile and the resistance phenotype. In conclusion, soil bacteria in urban community gardens can serve as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance with the potential to transfer to clinically important pathogens, resulting in food safety and public health concerns.</p

    Coumarin–Ir(III) Complex Anchored on Polymer Film as Photosensitizer for Efficient, Long-Term Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

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    A novel photosensitizer hybrid film (Ir(cumr)2(dabpy)+@NWF-g-MAH) has been designed and synthesized by anchoring a coumarin–Ir(III) complex on a polymer substrate. Photocatalytic tests show that Ir(cumr)2(dabpy)+@NWF-g-MAH displays a long lifetime of over 650 h under visible-light irradiation. The hydrogen evolution efficiency of Ir(cumr)2(dabpy)+@NWF-g-MAH is nearly 25 times higher than that of [Ir(ppy)2(dabpy)]+@NWF-g-MAH in 100 h, and optimizing the average concentration of Ir(cumr)2(dabpy)+@NWF-g-MAH in the hydrogen evolution system improves the hydrogen evolution amount to 12 790 μmol m–2. This photocatalytic system achieves the best synergy of hydrogen evolution efficiency and lifetime so far. The high performance is derived from the sterically bulky substrate effectively inhibiting the photodegradation of the photosensitizer and the coumarin group with strong visible-light absorption in the visible region. This work provides a novel direction for developing a durable and efficient Ir(III) complex for photocatalytic application
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