Obstacle factors and obstacle degree in 2001 and 2020 for the urban ag-glomerations along the Yellow River.

Obstacle factors and obstacle degree in 2001 and 2020 for the urban ag-glomerations along the Yellow River.</p

Classification of vulnerability.

Urban agglomerations are sophisticated territorial systems at the mature stage of city development that are concentrated areas of production and economic activity. Therefore, the study of vulnerability from the perspective of production-living-ecological space is crucial for the sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin and global urban agglomerations. The relationship between productivity, living conditions, and ecological spatial quality is fully considered in this research. By constructing a vulnerability evaluation index system based on the perspectives of production, ecology, and living space, and adopting the entropy value method, comprehensive vulnerability index model, and obstacle factor diagnostic model, the study comprehensively assesses the vulnerability of the urban agglomerations along the Yellow River from 2001 to 2020. The results reveal that the spatial differentiation characteristics of urban agglomeration vulnerability are significant. A clear three-level gradient distribution of high, medium, and low degrees is seen in the overall vulnerability; these correspond to the lower, middle, and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin, respectively. The percentage of cities with higher and moderate levels of vulnerability did not vary from 2001 to 2020, while the percentage of cities with high levels of vulnerability did. The four dimensions of economic development, leisure and tourism, resource availability, and ecological pressure are the primary determinants of the urban agglomeration’s vulnerability along the Yellow River. And the vulnerability factors of various urban agglomerations showed a significant evolutionary trend; the obstacle degree values have declined, and the importance of tourism and leisure functions has gradually increased. Based on the above conclusions, we propose several suggestions to enhance the quality of urban development along the Yellow River urban agglomeration. Including formulating a three-level development strategy, paying attention to ecological and environmental protection, developing domestic and foreign trade, and properly planning and managing the tourism industry.</div

Urban agglomerations along the Yellow River’s vulnerability trends, 2001–2020.

Urban agglomerations along the Yellow River’s vulnerability trends, 2001–2020.</p

Analysis of spatial variability within the urban agglomerations along the Yellow River, 2001–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015 and 2016–2020.

Analysis of spatial variability within the urban agglomerations along the Yellow River, 2001–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015 and 2016–2020.</p

Specific overview of the urban agglomerations along the Yellow River.

Specific overview of the urban agglomerations along the Yellow River.</p

Vulnerability evaluation indicator system for urban agglomerations along the Yellow River.

Vulnerability evaluation indicator system for urban agglomerations along the Yellow River.</p

Presentation_1_Mucoid Acinetobacter baumannii enhances anti-phagocytosis through reducing C3b deposition.pdf

BackgroundMultidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii causes serious infections in intensive care units and is hard to be eradicated by antibiotics. Many A. baumannii isolates are identified as the mucoid type recently, but the biological characteristics of mucoid A. baumannii and their interactions with host cells remains unclear.MethodsThe mucoid phenotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm-forming ability, acid resistance ability, peroxide tolerance, and in vivo toxicity of clinical ICUs derived A. baumannii isolates were first investigated. Secondly, the phagocytic resistance and invasive capacity of A. baumannii isolates to macrophages (MH-S, RAW264.7) and epithelial cells (A549) were analyzed. Furthermore, the abundance of C3b (complement factor C3 degradation product) deposition on the surface of A. baumannii was investigated. Last, the relationship between C3b deposition and the abundance of capsule in A. baumannii isolates were analyzed.ResultsThese A. baumannii strains showed different mucoid phenotypes including hyper mucoid (HM), medium mucoid (MM), and low mucoid (LM). All tested strains were MDR with high tolerance to either acid or hydrogen peroxide exposure. Notably, these mucoid strains showed the increase of mortality in the Galleria mellonella infection models. Besides, the HM strain exhibited less biofilm abundance, higher molecular weight (MW) of capsule, and greater anti-phagocytic activity to macrophages than the LM strain. Together with the increased abundance of capsule, high expression of tuf gene (associated with the hydrolysis of C3b), the HM strain effectively inhibits C3b deposition on bacterial surface, resulting in the low-opsonization phenotype.ConclusionCapsular characteristics facilitate the anti-phagocytic activity in hyper mucoid A. baumannii through the reduction of C3b deposition. Mucoid A. baumannii exhibits high phagocytosis resistance to both macrophages and epithelial cells.</p

DataSheet_9_Mechanism of electro-acupuncture in alleviating intestinal injury in septic mice via polyamine-related M2-macrophage polarization.zip

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of electro-acupuncture (EA) on sepsis-related intestinal injury and its relationship with macrophage polarization.MethodsA sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to assess the effectiveness of EA. The extent of pathological injury was evaluated using Chiu’s score, the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin, and the impact on macrophage polarization was examined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of spermidine, one type of polyamine, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was measured using ELISA and PCR. Once the efficacy was determined, a polyamine depletion model was created, and the role of polyamines was reassessed by evaluating efficacy and observing macrophage polarization.ResultsEA treatment reduced the Chiu’s score and increased the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin in the intestinal tissue of septic mice. It inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, promoted the polarization of M2-type macrophages, increased the secretion of IL-10, and upregulated the expression of Arg-1, spermidine, and ODC. However, after depleting polyamines, the beneficial effects of EA on alleviating intestinal tissue damage and modulating macrophage polarization disappeared.ConclusionThe mechanism underlying the alleviation of intestinal injury associated with CLP-induced sepsis by EA involves with the promotion of M2-type macrophage polarization mediated by spermidine expression.</p

DataSheet_11_Mechanism of electro-acupuncture in alleviating intestinal injury in septic mice via polyamine-related M2-macrophage polarization.zip

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of electro-acupuncture (EA) on sepsis-related intestinal injury and its relationship with macrophage polarization.MethodsA sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to assess the effectiveness of EA. The extent of pathological injury was evaluated using Chiu’s score, the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin, and the impact on macrophage polarization was examined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of spermidine, one type of polyamine, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was measured using ELISA and PCR. Once the efficacy was determined, a polyamine depletion model was created, and the role of polyamines was reassessed by evaluating efficacy and observing macrophage polarization.ResultsEA treatment reduced the Chiu’s score and increased the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin in the intestinal tissue of septic mice. It inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, promoted the polarization of M2-type macrophages, increased the secretion of IL-10, and upregulated the expression of Arg-1, spermidine, and ODC. However, after depleting polyamines, the beneficial effects of EA on alleviating intestinal tissue damage and modulating macrophage polarization disappeared.ConclusionThe mechanism underlying the alleviation of intestinal injury associated with CLP-induced sepsis by EA involves with the promotion of M2-type macrophage polarization mediated by spermidine expression.</p

DataSheet_2_Mechanism of electro-acupuncture in alleviating intestinal injury in septic mice via polyamine-related M2-macrophage polarization.zip

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of electro-acupuncture (EA) on sepsis-related intestinal injury and its relationship with macrophage polarization.MethodsA sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to assess the effectiveness of EA. The extent of pathological injury was evaluated using Chiu’s score, the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin, and the impact on macrophage polarization was examined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of spermidine, one type of polyamine, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was measured using ELISA and PCR. Once the efficacy was determined, a polyamine depletion model was created, and the role of polyamines was reassessed by evaluating efficacy and observing macrophage polarization.ResultsEA treatment reduced the Chiu’s score and increased the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin in the intestinal tissue of septic mice. It inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, promoted the polarization of M2-type macrophages, increased the secretion of IL-10, and upregulated the expression of Arg-1, spermidine, and ODC. However, after depleting polyamines, the beneficial effects of EA on alleviating intestinal tissue damage and modulating macrophage polarization disappeared.ConclusionThe mechanism underlying the alleviation of intestinal injury associated with CLP-induced sepsis by EA involves with the promotion of M2-type macrophage polarization mediated by spermidine expression.</p