Coumarin–Ir(III) Complex Anchored on Polymer Film as Photosensitizer for Efficient, Long-Term Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

A novel photosensitizer hybrid film (Ir(cumr)2(dabpy)+@NWF-g-MAH) has been designed and synthesized by anchoring a coumarin–Ir(III) complex on a polymer substrate. Photocatalytic tests show that Ir(cumr)2(dabpy)+@NWF-g-MAH displays a long lifetime of over 650 h under visible-light irradiation. The hydrogen evolution efficiency of Ir(cumr)2(dabpy)+@NWF-g-MAH is nearly 25 times higher than that of [Ir(ppy)2(dabpy)]+@NWF-g-MAH in 100 h, and optimizing the average concentration of Ir(cumr)2(dabpy)+@NWF-g-MAH in the hydrogen evolution system improves the hydrogen evolution amount to 12 790 μmol m–2. This photocatalytic system achieves the best synergy of hydrogen evolution efficiency and lifetime so far. The high performance is derived from the sterically bulky substrate effectively inhibiting the photodegradation of the photosensitizer and the coumarin group with strong visible-light absorption in the visible region. This work provides a novel direction for developing a durable and efficient Ir(III) complex for photocatalytic application

DataSheet1_A residential user classification approach based on the graded portrait with considering the IDR adaptability and potential.ZIP

In the current modern power system, extreme load peaks and valleys frequently occur due to the complicated electricity consumption behaviors. This point severely impacts the security, stability, and economy of the power system. Demand response (DR) has been proved to be one of the most effective ways to shift load to relieve the intensity of the power system. Although DR is mainly applied on the commercial and industrial loads traditionally, in recent years, the residential load has gradually attracted attentions of DR researches, especially incentive demand response (IDR) research because of its remarkable stability and flexibility in terms of load shifting. However, the difficulty of measuring the IDR adaptability and potential of a residential user according to the load curve significantly prevents the IDR from being conveniently implemented. And further, the power company is tremendously difficult to efficiently and effectively select the users with high IDR adaptabilities and potentials to participate in IDR. Therefore, to address the aforementioned issues, this paper presents a residential user classification approach based on the graded user portrait with considering the IDR adaptability and potential. Based on the portrait approach, the residential users with high IDR adaptabilities can be preliminarily selected. And then, based on the selected users, the portrait approach to delineate the users with high IDR potentials is further presented. Afterward, the achieved residential users with high adaptabilities and potentials are labeled, which are employed to train the presented variational auto encoder based deep belief network (VAE-DBN) load classification model. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the presented user portrait approaches as well as the presented load classification model. The results suggest that the presented approaches could be potential tools for power company to identify the suitable residential users for participating in the IDR tasks.</p

Isomeric Separation of α2,3/α2,6-Linked 2‑Aminobenzamide (2AB)-Labeled Sialoglycopeptides by C18-LC-MS/MS

Determination of the relative expression levels of the α2,3/α2,6-sialic acid linkage isomers on glycoproteins is critical to the analysis of various human diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and viral infection. However, it remains a challenge to separate and differentiate site-specific linkage isomers at the glycopeptide level. Some derivatization methods on the carboxyl group of sialic acid have been developed to generate mass differences between linkage isomers. In this study, we utilized chemical derivatization that occurred on the vicinal diol of sialic acid to separate linkage isomers on a reverse-phase column using a relatively short time. 2-Aminobenzamide (2AB) labeling derivatization, including periodate oxidation and reductive amination, took only ∼3 h and achieved high labeling efficiency (>90%). Within a 66 min gradient, the sialic acid linkage isomers of 2AB-labeled glycopeptides from model glycoproteins can be efficiently resolved compared to native glycopeptides. Two different methods, neuraminidase digestion and higher-energy collision dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (HCD-MS2) fragmentation, were utilized to differentiate those isomeric peaks. By calculating the diagnostic oxonium ion ratio of Gal2ABNeuAc and 2ABNeuAc fragments, significant differences in chromatographic retention times and in mass spectral peak abundances were observed between linkage isomers. Their corresponding MS2 PCA plots also helped to elucidate the linkage information. This method was successfully applied to human blood serum. A total of 514 2AB-labeled glycopeptide structures, including 152 sets of isomers, were identified, proving the applicability of this method in linkage-specific structural characterization and relative quantification of sialic acid isomers

Isomeric Separation of α2,3/α2,6-Linked 2‑Aminobenzamide (2AB)-Labeled Sialoglycopeptides by C18-LC-MS/MS

Determination of the relative expression levels of the α2,3/α2,6-sialic acid linkage isomers on glycoproteins is critical to the analysis of various human diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and viral infection. However, it remains a challenge to separate and differentiate site-specific linkage isomers at the glycopeptide level. Some derivatization methods on the carboxyl group of sialic acid have been developed to generate mass differences between linkage isomers. In this study, we utilized chemical derivatization that occurred on the vicinal diol of sialic acid to separate linkage isomers on a reverse-phase column using a relatively short time. 2-Aminobenzamide (2AB) labeling derivatization, including periodate oxidation and reductive amination, took only ∼3 h and achieved high labeling efficiency (>90%). Within a 66 min gradient, the sialic acid linkage isomers of 2AB-labeled glycopeptides from model glycoproteins can be efficiently resolved compared to native glycopeptides. Two different methods, neuraminidase digestion and higher-energy collision dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (HCD-MS2) fragmentation, were utilized to differentiate those isomeric peaks. By calculating the diagnostic oxonium ion ratio of Gal2ABNeuAc and 2ABNeuAc fragments, significant differences in chromatographic retention times and in mass spectral peak abundances were observed between linkage isomers. Their corresponding MS2 PCA plots also helped to elucidate the linkage information. This method was successfully applied to human blood serum. A total of 514 2AB-labeled glycopeptide structures, including 152 sets of isomers, were identified, proving the applicability of this method in linkage-specific structural characterization and relative quantification of sialic acid isomers

Enhanced Quantitative LC-MS/MS Analysis of N‑linked Glycans Derived from Glycoproteins Using Sodium Deoxycholate Detergent

Protein glycosylation is a common protein post-translational modification (PTM) in living organisms and has been shown to associate with multiple diseases, and thus may potentially be a biomarker of such diseases. Efficient protein/glycoprotein extraction is a crucial step in the preparation of <i>N</i>-glycans derived from glycoproteins prior to LC-MS analysis. Convenient, efficient and unbiased sample preparation protocols are needed. Herein, we evaluated the use of sodium deoxycholate (SDC) acidic labile detergent to release <i>N</i>-glycans of glycoproteins derived from biological samples such as cancer cell lines. Compared to the filter-aided sample preparation approach, the sodium deoxycholate (SDC) assisted approach was determined to be more efficient and unbiased. SDC removal was determined to be more efficient when using acidic precipitation rather than ethyl acetate phase transfer. Efficient extraction of proteins/glycoproteins from biological samples was achieved by combining SDC lysis buffer and beads beating cell disruption. This was suggested by a significant overall increase in the intensities of <i>N</i>-glycans released from cancer cell lines. Additionally, the use of SDC approach was also shown to be more reproducible than those methods that do not use SDC

Enhanced Quantitative LC-MS/MS Analysis of N‑linked Glycans Derived from Glycoproteins Using Sodium Deoxycholate Detergent

Protein glycosylation is a common protein post-translational modification (PTM) in living organisms and has been shown to associate with multiple diseases, and thus may potentially be a biomarker of such diseases. Efficient protein/glycoprotein extraction is a crucial step in the preparation of <i>N</i>-glycans derived from glycoproteins prior to LC-MS analysis. Convenient, efficient and unbiased sample preparation protocols are needed. Herein, we evaluated the use of sodium deoxycholate (SDC) acidic labile detergent to release <i>N</i>-glycans of glycoproteins derived from biological samples such as cancer cell lines. Compared to the filter-aided sample preparation approach, the sodium deoxycholate (SDC) assisted approach was determined to be more efficient and unbiased. SDC removal was determined to be more efficient when using acidic precipitation rather than ethyl acetate phase transfer. Efficient extraction of proteins/glycoproteins from biological samples was achieved by combining SDC lysis buffer and beads beating cell disruption. This was suggested by a significant overall increase in the intensities of <i>N</i>-glycans released from cancer cell lines. Additionally, the use of SDC approach was also shown to be more reproducible than those methods that do not use SDC

Enhanced Quantitative LC-MS/MS Analysis of N‑linked Glycans Derived from Glycoproteins Using Sodium Deoxycholate Detergent

Protein glycosylation is a common protein post-translational modification (PTM) in living organisms and has been shown to associate with multiple diseases, and thus may potentially be a biomarker of such diseases. Efficient protein/glycoprotein extraction is a crucial step in the preparation of <i>N</i>-glycans derived from glycoproteins prior to LC-MS analysis. Convenient, efficient and unbiased sample preparation protocols are needed. Herein, we evaluated the use of sodium deoxycholate (SDC) acidic labile detergent to release <i>N</i>-glycans of glycoproteins derived from biological samples such as cancer cell lines. Compared to the filter-aided sample preparation approach, the sodium deoxycholate (SDC) assisted approach was determined to be more efficient and unbiased. SDC removal was determined to be more efficient when using acidic precipitation rather than ethyl acetate phase transfer. Efficient extraction of proteins/glycoproteins from biological samples was achieved by combining SDC lysis buffer and beads beating cell disruption. This was suggested by a significant overall increase in the intensities of <i>N</i>-glycans released from cancer cell lines. Additionally, the use of SDC approach was also shown to be more reproducible than those methods that do not use SDC

Trends in the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among US adults from 1999 to 2018.

Trends in the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among US adults from 1999 to 2018.</p

Contents of supplement.

ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the trends and influence factors in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among US Adults from 1999 to 2018.MethodsWe utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning ten survey cycles (n = 53,496). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were calculated using survey weights. Joinpoint regression and survey-weighted generalized linear models were used to analyze trends and influence factors, respectively.ResultsThe estimated prevalence of hypertension increased significantly from 33.53% to 40.58% (AAPC = 0.896, P = 0.002) during 1999–2018 with dropping rate of newly diagnosed hypertension from 8.62% to 4.82% before 2014 (APC = -4.075, P = 0.001), and then rose to 7.51% in 2018 (APC = 12.302, P = 0.126). Despite modest improvements or stability in the awareness, treatment, and control since 1999, the latter two remained inadequate in 2018 at 59.52% and 51.71%. There was an uptrend in the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (from 24.02% to 45.71%) and angiotensin receptor blockers (from 20.22% to 38.38%), and downtrend in β-blocker (from 12.71% to 4.21%). Men were at higher risk of incidence, un-awareness, un-treatment, and un-control for hypertension. Lower income and education were associated with susceptibility to hypertension, while being married was favorable for treatment and control. Optimal health reduced the incidence of hypertension, and increased the awareness and treatment.ConclusionAlthough the rate of newly diagnosed hypertension has declined slightly since 2010 in the US, the prevalence of hypertension is increasing, and treatment and control rates remain inadequate. To manage hypertension effectively, we need to focus on screening and prevention for high-risk populations, while advocating for optimal health to improve the burden of hypertension.</div

Influencing factors of hypertension among US adults from 1999 to 2018.

Influencing factors of hypertension among US adults from 1999 to 2018.</p