Additional file 1 of A nationwide cohort study suggests clarithromycin-based therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication is safe in patients with stable coronary heart disease and subsequent peptic ulcer disease

Additional file 1. Supplemental Table 1. Risk of study outcomes including arrhythmia events comparing clarithormycin users vs. nonusers

Data_Sheet_1_No dose-response relationship of clarithromycin utilization on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary heart disease: Analysis of Taiwan’s national health insurance claims data.pdf

BackgroundClarithromycin is widely used to treat various bacterial infections and has been reported to have potential cardiovascular risk. However, it is uncertain whether this association was dose dependent and confounded by indication bias in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsThis cohort study retrospectively analyzed a national health insurance claims data from Taiwan’s 2005 Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database. We used a new-user design and 1:1 propensity score matching. A total of 9,631 eligible clarithromycin users and 9,631 non-users in 2004–2015 were subject to final analysis. All patients were followed-up after receiving clarithromycin or on the matched corresponding date until occurrence of cardiovascular morbidity in the presence of competing mortality, all-cause and cause-specific mortality, or through the end of 2015. The effect of cumulative dose, exposure duration, and indications of clarithromycin on cardiovascular outcomes were also addressed.ResultsClarithromycin use, compared with non-use, was associated with higher risk for all-cause [adjusted hazard ratios (aHR), 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.29–1.58], cardiovascular (1.35; 1.09–1.67), and non-cardiovascular (1.45; 1.29–1.63) mortality, but not for overall cardiovascular morbidity. Further analysis of individual cardiovascular morbidity demonstrated major risk for heart events (1.25; 1.04–1.51) in clarithromycin users than non-users. However, there was no relationship of cumulative dose, exposure duration, and indications of clarithromycin on cardiovascular outcomes. Analyses of the effects over time showed that clarithromycin increased cardiovascular morbidity (1.21; 1.01–1.45), especially heart events (1.39; 1.10–1.45), all-cause (1.57; 1.38–1.80), cardiovascular (1.58; 1.20–2.08), and non-cardiovascular (1.57; 1.35–1.83) mortality during the first 3 years. Thereafter, clarithromycin effect on all outcomes almost dissipated.ConclusionClarithromycin use was associated with increased risk for short-term cardiovascular morbidity (especially, heart events) and mortality without a dose-response relationship in patients with stable CHD, which was not dose dependent and confounded by indications. Hence, patients with stable CHD while receiving clarithromycin should watch for these short-term potential risks.</p

Multiple logistic regression analyses of negative affectivity and social inhibition for 6-month and 18-month cardiac readmission in patients with heart failure (<i>N</i> = 222).

Multiple logistic regression analyses of negative affectivity and social inhibition for 6-month and 18-month cardiac readmission in patients with heart failure (N = 222).</p

Univariate logistic regression analyses of negative affectivity and social inhibition for 6-month and 18-month cardiac readmission in patients with heart failure (<i>N</i> = 222).

Univariate logistic regression analyses of negative affectivity and social inhibition for 6-month and 18-month cardiac readmission in patients with heart failure (N = 222).</p

Basic characteristics of patients with heart failure at baseline (<i>N</i> = 222).

Basic characteristics of patients with heart failure at baseline (N = 222).</p

Negative affectivity and social inhibition are associated with increased cardiac readmission in patients with heart failure: A preliminary observation study

BackgroundType D personality was hypothesized to influence clinical and patient-centered outcomes patients with heart failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between negative affectivity and social inhibition components of Type D personality and cardiac readmission in patients with heart failure.MethodsA prospective observational study design was used. A total of 222 patients with heart failure were recruited from the department of cardiology in two regional hospitals in Taiwan. The 14-item Type D Scale-Taiwanese version was used to assess negative affectivity and social inhibition of the patients. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association of both Z-score transformed and dichotomized negative affectivity and social inhibition with 6-month and 18-month cardiac readmissions.ResultsA total of 55 patients (24.8%) and 89 patients (40.1%) had cardiac readmissions within 6 months and 18 months, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses of Z-score transformed negative affectivity and social inhibition were significantly associated with (1) 6-month cardiac readmission with odds ratios of 1.62 (P = 0.003) and 1.48 (P = 0.014), respectively and (2) 18-month cardiac readmission with odds ratios of 1.45 (P = 0.013) and 1.38 (P = 0.031), respectively. Similar findings were obtained when negative affectivity and social inhibition were analyzed as dichotomized scores.ConclusionsNegative affectivity and social inhibition components of the Type D personality were significantly associated with a higher risk of cardiac readmission in both 6 months and 18 months after the initial hospitalization in patients with heart failure.</div

Demographic data, psychological variables and the physical activities at preintervention and postintervention.

Demographic data, psychological variables and the physical activities at preintervention and postintervention.</p

Online synchronous video conference with all the videos of participants.

Online synchronous video conference with all the videos of participants.</p

Self-learning platform with learning management system.

Self-learning platform with learning management system.</p

Comparison between the face to face and Internet-based cognitive-behavior group therapy protocol for each session.

Comparison between the face to face and Internet-based cognitive-behavior group therapy protocol for each session.</p