Solubility of Nesquehonite and Calcite in Pressurized Carbonated Water from 293.15 to 343.15 K

The solubility of nesquehonite (MgCO₃·3H₂O) and calcite (CaCO₃) in carbonated water with CO₂ pressure of between 1 and 5 MPa was measured from 293.15 to 343.15 K by the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis method. The results showed that the solubility increased with CO₂ pressure but decreased with temperature in all of the studied situations, and for the ones where the two solid phases coexisted, nesquehonite’s solubility changed little from that of the single-existing cases while calcite’s declined by 1 order of magnitude. The solubility was correlated with both temperature and CO₂ pressure by empirical equations in a concise form

A S-Sn Lewis Pair-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerization of α‑Amino Acid <i>N</i>‑Carboxyanhydrides: Fast Kinetics, High Molecular Weight, and Facile Bioconjugation

The rapid and controlled generation of polypeptides with ultrahigh molecular weight (MW) and well-defined chain end functionality has been a great challenge. To tackle this problem, we report here an initiation system based on a S-Sn Lewis pair, trimethylstannyl phenyl sulfide (PhS-SnMe₃), for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of α-amino acid <i>N</i>-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). This initiator displays a strong solvent effect, and can yield polypeptides with high MW (>1.0 × 10⁵ g·mol^–1) and low polydispersity index within a few hours. The MWs of the obtained polypeptides are strongly dependent on the THF/DMF ratio. The polymerization follows a typical first-order kinetic character with respect to the monomer concentration in mixed THF and DMF. Moreover, a highly reactive phenyl thioester is <i>in situ</i> generated at the C-terminus of the polypeptides, which is readily accessible for native chemical ligation affording high MW and site-specific protein–polypeptide conjugates. Together, this initiator sheds light on regulating the ROP of NCAs via appropriate Lewis pair and solvent selection, and is particularly useful in preparing ultrahigh MW polypeptides within a short period of time

Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Insulicolide A, 14‑<i>O</i>‑Acetylinsulicolide A, 6β,9α-Dihydroxy-14‑<i>p</i>‑nitrobenzoylcinnamolide, and 7α,14-Dihydroxy-6β‑<i>p</i>‑nitrobenzoylconfertifolin

Asymmetric total syntheses of insulicolide A, 14-<i>O</i>-acetylinsulicolide A, 6β,9α-dihydroxy-14-<i>p</i>-nitrobenzoyl cinnamolide, and 7α,14-dihydroxy-6β-<i>p</i>-nitrobenzoylconfertifolin have been achieved for the first time. The key steps in the synthesis include: (1) an iridium-catalyzed enantioselective polyene cyclization to construct the drimane core bearing two all-carbon quaternary chiral centers at C4 and C10 and (2) a cascade ozonolysis of the phenol ring to form the lactone fragment of the target molecules

Additional file 14: of Landscape of transcription and long non-coding RNAs reveals new insights into the inflammatory and fibrotic response following ventilator-induced lung injury

Figure S7. LncRNA-mRNA regulatory network of the VILI group compared to the sham group on day 7. (PDF 547 kb

Additional file 10: of Landscape of transcription and long non-coding RNAs reveals new insights into the inflammatory and fibrotic response following ventilator-induced lung injury

Figure S5. The summary histogram of the top 20 dysregulated GO terms of terget genes in the comparisons of each pair. (PDF 198 kb

Additional file 8: of Landscape of transcription and long non-coding RNAs reveals new insights into the inflammatory and fibrotic response following ventilator-induced lung injury

Table S4. The entire list of dysregulated functional pathways of DE mRNAs in the comparisons of each pair. (XLSX 94 kb

Additional file 1: of Landscape of transcription and long non-coding RNAs reveals new insights into the inflammatory and fibrotic response following ventilator-induced lung injury

Figure S1. Primers designed for qPCR validation. (PDF 166 kb

Table_1_Endosymbionts Alter Larva-to-Nymph Transstadial Transmission of Babesia microti in Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Ticks.DOCX

<p>Maternally inherited endosymbionts inhabit a variety of arthropods. Some of them can protect the arthropod host against a wide range of pathogens. However, very little is known about the association between endosymbionts and pathogen susceptibility in ticks. The present study investigated the effect of endosymbionts on larva-to-nymph transstadial transmission of Babesia microti by Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides ticks. Engorged female ticks were injected with PBS, ciprofloxacin or kanamycin. The offspring larvae were used to infest B. microti-positive mice. Prevalence of B. microti among the nymphs in different treatment groups and its association with endosymbiont density in the larvae were analyzed. The results showed that the prevalence of B. microti in the kanamycin-treated group (63.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 52.8–75.0%) was higher than that in the PBS (23.6%, 95% CI: 13.8–33.4%) or ciprofloxacin-treated (25.0%, 95% CI: 15.0–35.0%) groups. This increased prevalence was associated with reduced density of Coxiella-like endosymbiont but was not related to the density of Rickettsia-like endosymbiont. No direct evidence has previously been reported about the impact of Coxiella-like endosymbiont on pathogen susceptibility in ticks. This study reveals that endosymbionts are potentially important defensive symbionts of R. haemaphysaloides which may influence the colonization or susceptibility of B. microti in the tick host.</p

Additional file 5: of Landscape of transcription and long non-coding RNAs reveals new insights into the inflammatory and fibrotic response following ventilator-induced lung injury

Figure S3. The summary histogram of the top 20 dysregulated GO terms of DE mRNAs in the comparisons of each pair. (PDF 211 kb

The Citizen Forester (2016-06)

Figure S6. The summary scatterplot of the top 20 dysregulated pathways of target genes in the comparisons of each pair. (PDF 238 kb