Affirmative action in education and Black Economic Empowerment in the workplace in South Africa since 1994: policies, strengths and limitations

This paper explains the concepts of Affirmative Action (AA) and Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) and the policies developed in post-Apartheid South Africa. It compares it to similar policies adopted in different contexts in Malaysia, India and the U.S.A. It explains and critiques the South African policies on AA and BEE, its history since 1994 and how class has replaced race as the determinant of who succeeds in education and the workplace. It analyses why these policies were essential to address the massive racial divide in education and the workplace at the arrival of democracy in 1994, but also why it has been controversial and racially divisive. The strengths and limitations of these policies are juxtaposed, the way it has benefitted the black and white elites, bolstered the black middle-class but has had little success in addressing the education and job futures of poor, working class black citizens in South Africa. The views of a number of key social analysts in the field are stated to explain the moral, racial, divisive aspects of AA in relation to the international experience and how South Africa is grappling with limited success to bridge the divide between the rich and poor

Proses Produksi Dan Pengemasan Yoghurtdicv. Cita Nasional Salatiga

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6653597.mp4

(1) Moving the camera throughout the eyebox; (2) Switching between near and far virtual image

The dynamics of local upgrading in globalizing latecomer regions: a geographical analysis

<p>The dynamics of local upgrading in globalizing latecomer regions: a geographical analysis. <i>Regional Studies</i>. By noting the spatial-less nature of the mainstream studies of industrial upgrading, this paper theorizes how local upgrading is affected by geographical heterogeneity at different scales in relation to three spatial factors: location, regional conditions and global competitive dynamics. In doing so, it argues that local firms can take advantage of these factors to access more resources for industrial upgrading instead of choosing from the limited options offered by previous studies such as state intervention or indigenous innovation. Three cases in the Pearl River Delta in China are presented to illustrate these local dynamics.</p

brain_microCT.avi

MicroCT images of cerebral phantom

Image_1_Evaluation of anifrolumab safety in systemic lupus erythematosus: A meta-analysis and systematic review.pdf

ObjectivesSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease, and type I interferon plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Anifrolumab is a new strategy for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. It could antagonize the activity of all type 1 interferons by binding with type I interferon receptor subunit 1. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety of anifrolumab in patients with moderate to severe SLE (excluding patients with active severe lupus nephritis or central nervous system lupus).MethodsFour databases (Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science) were systematically searched from inception until December 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the safety of anifrolumab versus placebo in SLE patients. Then, the incidence of adverse events in each study was aggregated using meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 1160 SLE patients from four RCTs were included in the analysis. Serious adverse events were less common in the anifrolumab group than in the placebo group (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.98, pConclusionAnifrolumab is considered a well-tolerated option for the treatment of SLE patients with good safety.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://inplasy.com, identifier 202230054.</p

In situ hybridization with <i>pitx2-exon 5</i> antisense riboprobe in control and morphant embryos.

<p>The <i>pitx2</i> antisense riboprobe comprising exon 5 sequence detects wild-type and abnormally spliced <i>pitx2^ex4/5</i> transcripts. Images of whole mount embryos (<b>A–F</b>, <b>J–M</b> and <b>Q–U</b>) and sections (<b>G–I</b>, <b>N–P</b> and <b>V, W</b>) are shown for embryonic stages of 24-hpf (<b>A–D</b>), 48-hpf (<b>E–I</b>), 72-hpf (<b>J–P</b>) and 120-hpf (<b>Q–W</b>). Please note abnormal <i>pitx2</i> transcripts around the developing eye (arrowheads in <b>B, D</b>) and pharyngeal arches (arrows in <b>B</b>) in morphants at 24-hpf, which is similar to <i>pitx2</i> expression in control embryos (<b>A</b>, <b>C</b>). Staining for <i>pitx2</i> positive cells in morphant embryos at 48-, 72- and 120-hpf identifies abnormal patterns during ocular and craniofacial development in comparison to <i>pitx2</i> expression in control embryos (<b>E–W</b>). In terms of ocular patterns, some 48- and 72-hpf morphants demonstrate an accumulation of <i>pitx2</i> transcriptionally active cells in the anterior segment of the eye (arrowheads; images for whole mount and sections from two different <i>pitx2^ex4/5</i> morphant embryos at 48-hpf (<b>F, H, I</b>) and 72-hpf (<b>K, M, O, P</b>) in comparison to control 48-hpf (<b>E,G</b>) and 72-hpf (<b>J, L, N</b>) are shown). In 120-hpf eyes, a disorganized pattern of <i>pitx2</i> positive cells continues to be observed in <i>pitx2^ex4/5</i> morphant embryos (arrowheads in <b>T</b>, <b>U</b>, two different morphant embryos are shown, and <b>W</b>) in comparison to <i>pitx2</i> expression in control embryos (<b>S, V</b>); in addition to the abnormal pattern in the anterior structures, an increased signal behind the lens corresponding to the hyaloid vasculature is also observed (asterisks in <b>W</b>). With regards to craniofacial development, in 72-hpf morphant embryos, strong staining is observed around the malformed oral cavity and arches with the level of expression similar to control <i>pitx2</i> expression (arrows in <b>J–M</b>); at 120-hpf, <i>pitx2</i> transcripts continue to be strongly expressed in the malformed pharyngeal arches (arrows in <b>R</b> and <b>W</b>) while expression of wild-type <i>pitx2</i> is downregulated in control 120-hpf embryos (arrows in <b>Q</b> and <b>V</b>).</p

Synthesis of Macrocyclic Ketones through Catalyst-Free Electrophilic Halogen-Mediated Semipinacol Rearrangement: Application to the Total Synthesis of (±)-Muscone

A series of macrocycles were successfully prepared using electrophilic halogen-mediated semipinacol rearrangement under mild conditions. Although the expansion from small ring to medium ring is an energetically unfavorable process, the electrophilic halogenation was found to be powerful enough to override such an energy barrier. The rearranged products could further undergo Dowd–Beckwith rearrangement to give the corresponding one-carbon ring-expanded ketones. This approach has been applied to the total synthesis of the natural product (±)-muscone, which is widely used in modern perfumery and medicines, in a two-step sequence

First-Principles-Based Dispersion Augmented Density Functional Theory: From Molecules to Crystals

Standard implementations of density functional theory (DFT) describe well strongly bound molecules and solids but fail to describe long-range van der Waals attractions. We propose here first-principles-based augmentation to DFT that leads to the proper long-range 1/<i>R</i>⁶ attraction of the London dispersion while leading to low gradients (small forces) at normal valence distances so that it preserves the accurate geometries and thermochemistry of standard DFT methods. The DFT-low gradient (DFT-<i>l</i>g) formula differs from previous DFT-D methods by using a purely attractive dispersion correction while not affecting valence bond distances. We demonstrate here that the DFT-<i>l</i>g model leads to good descriptions for graphite, benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene crystals, using just three parameters fitted to reproduce the full potential curves of high-level ab initio quantum mechanics [CCSD(T)] on gas-phase benzene dimers. The additional computational costs for this DFT-<i>l</i>g formalism are negligible

Spectroscopic Studies of Nanoparticulate Thin Films of a Cobalt-Based Oxygen Evolution Catalyst

Nanoparticle (NP) cobalt–phosphate (Co-P_i) water oxidation catalysts are prepared as thin films by anodic electrodeposition from solutions of Co²⁺ dissolved in proton-accepting electrolytes. Compositional and structural insight into the nature of the catalyst film is provided from advanced spectroscopy. Infrared spectra demonstrate that counteranions incorporate into the Co-P_i thin films and that the phosphate ion, among various anion electrolytes, exhibits the highest binding affinity to the cobalt centers. Atomic force microscopy images show a highly porous morphology of the thin film that is composed of Co-P_i NPs. Whereas conventional X-ray powder diffraction technique shows catalyst films to be amorphous, synchrotron-based X-ray grazing incidence diffraction reveals well-defined diffraction patterns that are indicative of long-range ordering within the film. Azimuthal scans imply that as-prepared films possess a highly preferred orientation and texture on the electrode surface