Vitamin D status according to age groups in postmenopausal women.

<p>The lowest portion of the graph represents vitamin D deficiency; the middle portion, vitamin D insufficiency; and the highest portion, vitamin D sufficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was dominant in the postmenopausal South Korean female population (62.1%). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was the highest in group of <50 years, 72.5% and the lowest in group of 60–64 years, 60.1%.</p

Odds ratio of metabolic syndrome and its components by serum 25(OH)D levels in postmenopausal women (n = 4364).

<p>Data are presented as OR (95% CI).</p>§<p>Values from comparisons of metabolic syndrome and its components among tertiles of 25(OH)D.</p>†<p>Values from comparisons of metabolic syndrome and its components in between the lowest and highest tertiles of 25(OH)D.</p><p>Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; TGs, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.</p><p>Adjusted for age, seasonality, occupation, education, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, and HT.</p

Metabolic syndrome and its risk factors of postmenopausal participants compared by vitamin D status (n = 4364).

<p>Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation; numbers (%).</p><p>Abbreviations: WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BP, blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TGs, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.</p

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.

<p>The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased from 10.8% in women younger than 50 years to 43.1% in those aged 65–69 years.</p

General characteristics of postmenopausal participants compared by vitamin D status (n = 4364).

<p>General characteristics of postmenopausal participants compared by vitamin D status (n = 4364).</p

Odds ratio estimates for obesity indices according to serum ferritin groups after adjusting with confounders.

<p>Odds ratio estimates for obesity indices according to serum ferritin groups after adjusting with confounders.</p

Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for WC/Ht (≥0.51) by serum ferritin groups

<p>Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for WC/Ht (≥0.51) by serum ferritin groups</p

Baseline characteristics of premenopausal women according to serum ferritin groups.

<p>Baseline characteristics of premenopausal women according to serum ferritin groups.</p

Least square means for insulin resistance indices according to serum ferritin groups after adjusting with confounders.

<p>Least square means for insulin resistance indices according to serum ferritin groups after adjusting with confounders.</p

Estimated regression coefficient for insulin by serum ferritin groups.

<p>Estimated regression coefficient for insulin by serum ferritin groups.</p