Sintesis Zeolit 4a dari Fly Ash Sawit dengan Variasi Perbandingan Volume Reaktan dan Kecepatan Pengadukan

Zeolit defines as Alumina Silika Crystal which have structure 3 dimension that formed by silica and alumina tetrahedral with three voids dimension content with balanced metal load ions of zeolit bone and water molecule that could move freely. Water content in zeolit\u27s cavity at least 10 – 50%. If it hidrated, cations that place in that cavity will be cover by water molecule and have unstabilize or release easly as it property. Zeolit 4A is shynthetic Zeolit which have load as cation exchange is Na. To produce zeolit 4A, we need ratio of Na2SiO3/ NaAlO2 = ½. Ratio of Si Oxide and Al Oxide in basic material and temperature reaction will be influence type of zeolit that produced. Shyntesys of zeolit 4A with waste material from a process as feed, which is include some procedure: preparation or pretreatment for feed, forming and gel saving, crystalization. Separation, washing and drying. Purpose of this research to get advantage from fly ash as source of silica as feed for zeolit 4A and learn the influnce of ratio of reactan volume (pottasium aluminat and pottasium sillicate) and rate of agitation. Shyntesys of zeolit 4A doing by mix pottasium silicate and poyttasium aluminat with variation of volume at 40:60 and 60:40 ml/ml and rate of agitation at 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 rpm until it formed as gel. Then the gel will be heated in oven for 8 hours and washed until the pH netral. After washing process, gel will be heated at 120 oC for 3 hours. Synthesize product analyzed with IR Spectroscopy and Xray Difraction. The best result was got in variation volume at 60/40 and rate of agitation at 400 rp

Sintesis ZSM-5 Menggunakan Silika Presipitasi dari Fly Ash Pabrik CPO

Palm fly ash is waste in the palm oil industry. Palm fly ash has high content of silica. ZSM-5 is one of synthetic zeolite which used as catalyst. It can be synthesized from silica and alumina using hidrothermal method. Source of silica that can be used to ZSM-5 synthesis are sodium silicate, gelled silica and precipitated silica. the purpose of this research is to synthesis ZSM-5 using precipitated silica hydrothermally. The result was analyzed using FTIR. ZSM-5 can be synthesized using precipitated silica hydrothermally. Based on infrared spectrum,the product synthesis shows four characteristic of ZSM-5 characters

Proses Pemurnian Selulosa Pelepah Sawit sebagai Bahan Baku Nitrolesulosa dengan Variasi PH dan Konsentrasi H2O2

One of the raw materials for propellant or explosive double base type is nitrocellulose. Availability of cellulose which is the main component of biomass is very abundant in Indonesia, particularly solid waste palm oil industry. With cellulose content of 34.89%, palm midrib is one solid waste palm with potential to be used as the main raw material cellulose. Purity cellulose levels that must be achieved to produce nitrocellulose propellant as raw material is more than 92%. So as to improve the purity of the cellulose in the palm midrib must be purified using hydrogen peroxide, which is initiated by the hydrolysis with EFB ash extract. Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical that can be used for the bleaching process, because this compound is more environmentally friendly than chlorine. The purpose of this is to obtain the best conditions to obtain cellulose purity of more than 92%. The bleaching process is done by varying the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) and pH (8, 9, 10, 11, 12). Pulp composition analysis of purified cellulose. Obtained the best process conditions is the concentration of 3% hydrogen peroxide and pH 9 with 95.11% purity cellulose

Pengaruh Variasi PH dan Waktu pada Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Sari Kulit Nanas dengan Menggunakan Zymomonas Mobilis

Bioethanol is an alternative energy source that has enough potential to replace fossil fuels. Bioethanol can be produced by fermentation of carbohydrate crops . One of the raw materials that can be used is a pineapple peel. Because today is still a waste of pineapple peel untapped. In pineapple peel contained 13.6 % reducing sugar , so as to have good potential to be processed into bioethanol . One way of making bioethanol is by microbial fermentation using Zymomonas mobilis . The fermentation process is influenced by several factors, including pH and time . This study was conducted to determine the optimum pH and time at fermentation process for bioethanol production from pineapple peel juice. The study was conducted by varying the pH of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0 with fermentation time 14 , 23 , 39 , 47 , 65 , and 71 hours using Zymomonas mobilis microbes . Bioethanol yield analysis using a gas chromatograph (GC). The result is the highest ethanol yield was 3.01% at pH 4.5 and fermentation time of 65 hours

Pembuatan Nitroselulosa dari Selulosa Hasil Pemurnian Pelepah Sawit dengan Hidrogen Peroksida (H2O2) sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Propelan

Nitrocellulose is a polymer used as materials for propellant. Manufacture of nitrocellulose done with cellulose nitration process. Nitration of cellulose is a reaction force substitution or replacement of H+ from –OH- groups in cellulose contained in the NO2+ cluster of nitric acid (HNO3). Cellulose to be used is sourced from waste palm midrib. The purpose of this study is to obtain the best conditions of temperature and time nitration that α- cellulose nitration process to produce nitrocellulose with a high nitrogen content. Palm midrib cellulose purified before entering the nitration process. Stages of the purification process a palm midrib cellulose is extraction, hydrolysis, delignification and purification with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). After the purification process, the next step is the process of nitration of cellulose with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Nitration process is done with the variation of temperature and reaction time. Nitrocellulose nitrogen levels will be analyzed with Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The best conditions in the nitration process took 30 minutes with the temperature of 90 oC. Nitrogen levels were estimated on nitrocellulose > 12% so it can be used as raw material for the manufacture of propellants

Perengkahan Katalitik PalmFatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Menghasilkan Biofuel Menggunakan Katalis Abu Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS) dengan Variasi Temperatur dan Kecepatan Pengadukan

Ash of empty palm fruit bunches is the solid waste from process of making crude palm oil (CPO). Ash of empty palm fruit bunches have many component that make it can to be use as a catalyst. Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a byproduct from process of making cooking oil. PFAD potential to converted into biofuel with catalytic cracking process. This study aims to utilize ash of empty fruit bunches and PFAD to be raw material of making biofuel, to know component of biofuel produced. Yield maximum biofuel obtained at a temperature of 410 0 C with stirring speed 250 rpm that is equal to 57,14%. While the largest biofuel conversion obtained at stirring speed of 300 rpm and a temperature of 4100C in the amount of 50.671%. Cracking results analyzed by GCMS and found the biofue produced more dominant is a constituent of gasoline fuel

Pemurnian Selulosa Alfa Pelepah Sawit Menggunakan Enzim Xylanase

Midrib of palm oil is the most solid wastes which produced in oil palm plantations. Palm midrib is contained of 34.89% α-cellulose content percentage that can be improved with cooking using the extract solution ash of palm empty fruit bunches (Padil, 2010) and continued with the process of purification using xylanase enzyme. Higher content of Cellulose-α can be processed into a more commercially product. Cellulose-α> 92% qualified to be used as the main raw material (nitrocellulose) or making explosives and propellants. Stages of the purification process a palm midrib cellulose is extraction, hydrolysis, delignification and purification using xylanase enzyme with variations process is temperature (50, 60 and 70 ° C), enzyme dose (1, 2 and 3 ml) and the source of the enzyme (Aspergillus and Trichoderma sp so). Purification process operating conditions are: pH 5, time 90 minutes, the solid-solution 1:25. Content of purified cellulose-α increased to 96.60% for variable temperature at 60 ° C, 3 ml dose of enzymes and enzyme xylanase from Aspergillus sp

Perengkahan Katalitik Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Menjadi Biofuel dengan Katalis Abu TKS Variasi Temperatur dan Berat Katalis

Technology of catalytic cracking process that has been widely used to process petroleum and now used to process vegetable oil into biofuel. PFAD is a by-product of refining CPO process which has trigleceryde that can be converted into biofuel equivalent with fuel. PFAD cracking using ash palm empty fruit bunches (PEFB) catalyst with variation temperature and weight of catalyst. The purposes of the research is to obtain the operation condition such as the temperature and weight of catalyst to get the highest yield(%), to know the composition of the product, and to know physical properties product such as density, viscosity, and flash point. Weight of catalyst composition was varied from 0,5% to 2,5% wt with temperature range 350oC to 430 oC, rates of agitation 300 rpm, and the flowrate N2 is 150 ml/minute. Composition product analysed by GC- MS and the result is fractions fuel such as gasoline, kerosene, and diesel. The analysed showing that PFAD cracked into gasoline fraction with the highest yield is 54,3%