MOESM1 of Long non-coding RNA MIAT promotes growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells through regulation of miR-132/Derlin-1 pathway

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Down-regulation of MIAT inhibited SW480 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. SW480 cells were transfected with si-control, si-MIAT-1 or si-MIAT-2 for different time, (A) MIAT expression and cell viability was measured. SW480 cells were transfected with si-control, si-MIAT-1 or si-MIAT-2 for 72 h, (B) cell apoptosis, (C) cell migration and cell invasion was determined. **P < 0.01, compared to si-control

Loss of BRC-1/BRD-1 rescues the progeny lethality of <i>smc-5; him-6</i> double mutants and suppresses the chromatin bridge formation.

<p><b>A.</b> Mutation of <i>brc-1</i> or <i>brd-1</i> rescues the lethality of <i>smc-5(ok2421); him-6(ok412)</i> double mutants. The progeny viability (%) data are represented as averages of three independent experiments and error bars represent standard deviation. The sample size (n) indicates the number of embryos examined for each genotype. Asterisks indicate statistical significance as determined by two-tailed Student T-test. P Values below 0.05 were consider significant, where p < 0.05 was indicated with *, p < 0.01 with ** and p < 0.005 with ***. <b>B.</b> Representative images of chromosomes in -1 oocytes at diakinesis stained with DAPI and an antibody recognizing the chromosome axis component HIM-3. Scale bars: 2 μm.</p

Models of the cooperation between SMC-5/6 complex and HIM-6 in meiotic recombination intermediate metabolism.

<p><b>A.</b> Schematic diagram depicting the CO formation in the wild type (i) or in the <i>smc-5/6</i> mutants (ii). In the wild type, SMC-5/6 complex can promote the repair of SPO-11 induced DSBs by intersister recombination pathways. The CO formation generated by interhomolog recombination can be regulated by HIM-6. However, in the absence of SMC-5/6, more DSBs are channelled to be repaired by interhomolog recombination due to the compromised intersister recombination. In this case, HIM-6 becomes essential to maintain a normal CO landscape. <b>B.</b> Reduced chromosome compaction caused by <i>smc-5/6</i> and <i>him-6</i> mutation or by condensin depletion may lead to formation of multi-chromatid joint molecules supressed by <i>brc-1</i>. The dashed lines represent a potential role of SMC-5/6 in preventing the chromosome decondensation probably through cross-talk between SMC-5/6 complex and condensin II complex.</p

MOESM2 of Long non-coding RNA MIAT promotes growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells through regulation of miR-132/Derlin-1 pathway

Additional file 2: Figure S2.. Down-regulation of MIAT inhibited SW480 cell proliferation, migration and invasion by miR-132/Derlin-1 axis. SW480 cells were transfected with si-MIAT-2, miR-132 inhibitor and Derlin-1 shRNA (shRNA-Derlin-1) for 72 h, (A) cell viability, cell apoptosis, (B) cell migration and cell invasion was determined. **P < 0.01, compared to si-control. ##P < 0.01, compared to si-MIAT-2 + NC. & P < 0.01, compared to si-MIAT-2 + miR-132 inhibitor + shRNA

Double-Carbon Matrix-Supported MnO₂ for High-Voltage Supercapacitors in a Neutral Aqueous System

The low conductivity and poor structural stability of MnO2 nanoparticles have impeded further enhancement in specific energy density for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors. To address this issue, in this article, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and mesoporous carbon (meso-C) are merged together, ultrasonically treated with poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) surfactant and then immersed in a KMnO4 solution at room temperature to generate a composite, namely, double-carbon matrix (CNTs and meso-C)-supported K–MnO2 (K+ incorporated state). When this composite was employed as an electrode in the neutral aqueous electrolyte, this material behaved as a redox pseudocapacitor and delivered a maximum specific capacity of 292.5 C g–1 (∼585 F g–1). When the composite was used as one electrode and the negative-activated carbon was employed as the other electrode, the as-assembled hybrid asymmetric device in the neutral aqueous system could achieve a specific capacitance of 86.0 F g–1 within an ultrahigh potential range of 0–2.1 V, breaking through a bondage of 2.0 V. This energy-storage device could deliver 52.7 W h kg–1, correlating to a power density of 525 W kg–1. Moreover, the effects of various ratios between CNTs and meso-C on the resulting performance were also investigated and compared

SMC-5/6 and HIM-6 are required for the maturation of meiotic chromosomes.

<p><b>A.</b> SYP-1 immunostaining of representative diakinesis nuclei of wild type, <i>smc-5(ok2421)</i>, <i>him-6(ok412)</i>, and <i>smc-5(ok2421); him-6(ok412)</i> mutants. White arrowheads indicate the remaining SYP-1 staining. <b>B.</b> Representative images of nuclei of diakinesis oocytes stained with an antibody recognizing the chromosome axis component HIM-3. Red arrows indicate the not well-compacted bivalents. Scale bars: 2 μm.</p

SMC-5/6 complex and HIM-6 are required for the regulation of meiotic crossover formation.

<p><b>A.</b> Quantification of ZHP-3::GFP foci in pachytene nuclei of wild type, <i>smc-5(ok2421)</i>, <i>him-6(ok412)</i>, and <i>smc-5(ok2421); him-6(ok412)</i> mutants. The sample size number (n) indicates the number of germ nuclei examined for each genotype. <b>B</b>. Analysis of CO frequencies and distribution on chromosome V. The genetic map positions of the five SNPs, which together cover 92% of chromosome V, are indicated. n is the number of cross-progeny scored. The frequency of 2 COs, 1 CO or 0 CO per chromosome is indicated in absolute numbers and as percentage (in brackets). The relative recombination frequencies (mutant/ wild type) are indicated by different coloured tags. Red reflects the greatest increase and green reflects the greatest decrease.</p

Synergistic function of SMC-5/6 and the BLM helicase HIM-6.

<p><b>A.</b> Genetic interaction between SMC-5/6 complex and HIM-6 was examined by combining <i>smc-5/6</i> deletion with different <i>him-6</i> alleles. Progeny viability in % was determined by counting number of viable eggs/total number of eggs laid. The sample size (n) indicates the number of embryos examined for each genotype. Error bars represent standard deviation of the mean. Asterisks indicate statistically significant reduction in embryonic viability in <i>smc-5(ok2421); him-6(ok412)</i>, <i>smc-5(tm2868); him-6(ok412)</i>, <i>smc-5(ok2421); him-6(e1423)</i> and <i>smc-6(ok3294); him-6(ok412)</i> double mutants (p < 0.005 by two-tailed Student T-test) when compared with <i>him-6(ok412)</i> and <i>him-6(e1423)</i>. <b>B.</b> Distribution of RAD-51 foci in wild type, <i>smc-5(ok2421)</i>, <i>him-6(ok412)</i>, and <i>smc-5(ok2421); him-6(ok412)</i> animals. Zone definitions: 1 Early mitotic, 2 Late mitotic, 3 Transition, 4 Early pachytene, 5 Middle pachytene, 6 Late pachytene.</p

Compromised chromosome segregation caused by chromatin linkages during meiotic division.

<p><b>A.</b> Representative images taken from time-lapse recordings of GFP-Histone H2B expressing embryos during meiotic division. Black arrowheads indicate the first polar body; white arrowheads indicate chromosomes aligned on the metaphase plate. Red arrowheads indicate the chromatin linkages. <b>B.</b> Graph depicting the distance between the first polar body and the metaphase plate one minute prior to the onset of anaphase II. The distances in <i>smc-5; him-6</i> double mutants (0.29±0.32 μm) were significant different from the wild type (3.89±1.55 μm), <i>him-6</i> (3.46±1.16 μm) and <i>smc-5</i> (3.39±0.85) single mutants (p<0.001). Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student T-test. P Values below 0.05 were considered significant. A minimum of five embryos were analysed for each genotype. <b>C.</b> Representative OMX images of diakinesis nuclei of <i>smc-5(ok2421)</i> and <i>smc-5(ok2421); him-6(ok412)</i> mutants. Red arrowheads indicate the chromatin linkages. <b>D</b>. Images of DAPI-stained chromosomes in –1 oocytes at diakinesis in the indicated genotypes. Scale bars: 2 μm.</p

Depletion of LEM-3 and MUS-81 leads to formation of dissociated bivalents.

<p>(A) Images of DAPI-stained chromosomes in –1 oocytes at diakinesis in wild type, <i>lem-3</i>, <i>mus-81</i> and <i>mus-81 lem-3</i> mutants. Red arrows indicate dissociated bivalents. Chromosome fragment is highlighted with a red arrowhead. Scale bars: 2 μm. (B) Quantification of bivalents, ‘dissociated bivalents’ and fragments observed in indicated genotypes. Overlapping chromosomes that could not be assigned to the above categories were scored as “n/d”. Sample sizes of indicated genotype are as follows: wild type n = 40; <i>lem-3</i> n = 36; <i>mus-81</i> n = 36; <i>mus-81 lem-3</i> n = 42.</p