Antimony Redox Biotransformation in the Subsurface: Effect of Indigenous Sb(V) Respiring Microbiota

Anaerobic microbiological antimonate [Sb­(V)] respiration is a newly discovered process regulating the Sb redox transformation in soils. However, little is known about the role microbiological Sb­(V) respiration plays in the fate of Sb in the subsurface, especially in the presence of sulfate and electron shuttles. Herein, we successfully enriched a Sb­(V) reducing microbiota (SbRM) from the subsurface near an active Sb mine. SbRM was dominated by genus <i>Alkaliphilus</i> (18–36%), <i>Clostridiaceae</i> (17–18%), <i>Tissierella</i> (24–27%), and <i>Lysinibacillus</i> (16–37%). The incubation results showed that SbRM reduced 88% of dissolved Sb­(V) to Sb­(III), but the total Sb mobility remained the same as in the abiotic control, indicating that SbRM alone did not increase the total Sb release but regulated the Sb speciation in the subsurface. Micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) analysis suggested the association of Sb and Fe, and electron shuttles such as anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic disodium salt (AQDS) markedly enhanced the Sb release due to its ability to facilitate Fe mineral dissolution. Sb L-edge and S K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) results demonstrated that indigenous SbRM immobilized Sb via Sb₂S₃ formation, especially in a sulfur-rich environment. The insights gained from this study shed new light on Sb mobilization and its risk assessment in the subsurface environment

Additional file 1: of Optimal cut-off of obesity indices to predict cardiovascular disease risk factors and metabolic syndrome among adults in Northeast China

The supplementary material of the article. (DOCX 20 kb

Additional file 1: of Feasibility of anthropometric indices to identify dyslipidemia among adults in Jilin Province: a cross-sectional study

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for anthropometric indices and serum lipid levels. (DOCX 334 kb

Logistics regression of the interaction between SNPs in PLA2G12A.and gender.

<p>Logistics regression of the interaction between SNPs in PLA2G12A.and gender.</p

Genotype distribution and allele frequency differences between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls for four <i>PLA2G12A</i> SNPs.

<p>Genotype distribution and allele frequency differences between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls for four <i>PLA2G12A</i> SNPs.</p

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium results by goodness-of-fit Chi-square tests.

<p>The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium results by goodness-of-fit Chi-square tests.</p

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) of SNPs in <i>PLA2G12A</i>.

<p>Linkage disequilibrium (LD) of SNPs in <i>PLA2G12A</i>.</p

Multiple logistic regression models and the associations between occupations, sleep duration, and sleep quality.

<p>Model 1 adjusted sex, and age; Model 2 adjusted sex, age, education, area, marriage, smoking, drinking, body pain, and health status.</p><p>*P<0.05</p><p>Multiple logistic regression models and the associations between occupations, sleep duration, and sleep quality.</p

Distribution of sleep duration sleep quality scores by occupation.

<p>*Compared with civil, P<0.05</p><p>Distribution of sleep duration sleep quality scores by occupation.</p

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