118 research outputs found
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Disagreement Resolution in Family Travel Decision-Making—The Role of Adult Children
Adult children traveling with their parents is gaining increasing popularity. As adult children and parents grown up in different social environment, they have formed dissimilar beliefs and core values, which may cause decision-making disagreements when traveling together. However, there has been little research to understand how adult children handle the disagreement with their parents in family trip. Based on this, the current study aims to resolve this question. Moreover, given adult children usually show great filial piety to their parents, and have developed more power in family decision-making. The role of filial piety and decision-making power in adult children’s disagreement management deserve thorough investigations. Specifically, this study examines: (1) How adult children resolve the disagreement in family vacation decision-making; (2) How the filial duty and decision-making power of adult children influences their disagreement resolution. A mixed-methods approach including interviews and scenario-based experiments will be adopted to solve these two problems
Study on the Foreign Publicity Translation of Marine Culture—Take Zhoushan for Example
The development of foreign publicity translation of marine culture is of great significance to the internationalization of Zhoushan Archipelago New Area. Based on Lasswell 5W mode (Harold Lasswell, 1948), this paper will combine some successful cases of foreign publicity translation of marine culture at home and abroad and analyze the present situation of foreign publicity translation of marine culture in Zhoushan Archipelago New Area by means of questionnaire surveys and the literature study on existing newspapers, periodicals and websites in Zhoushan. Accordingly, some suggestions are put forward to improve the deficiencies of the translation of marine culture in Zhoushan and innovate the ways in translating the marine culture, thus boosting the development of marine tourism economy and promoting the establishment of International Ecological Leisure Tourism Island (2016) in Zhoushan
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How does tourism industry dependence affect economic growth in western China? --Based on the inspection and interpretation of the Resource Curse transmission mechanism
The relationship between tourism industry dependence and economic growth is still controversial, and there are few quantitative studies on its transmission mechanism. Based on the Resource Curse hypothesis, the panel data of 46 excellent tourism cities in the western region from 2000 to 2017 was used to examine the existence and transmission mechanism of the Resource Curse. The results show that: tourism industry dependence in the western region of China appears as a curse rather than a gospel for economic growth, and the transmission route of the curse effect is mainly that the tourism industry has a negative impact on the regional economy by squeezing out the manufacturing industry. The findings of the paper provide a theoretical proof for the existence and transmission mechanism of the tourism resource curse in western China, and have certain enlightenment for similar regions to avoid falling into the tourism resources curse trap
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Study on the Effect of Cuisine Tourism Resource on Tourists’ Willingness to Visit
This article aims at examining if tourists’ evaluation of cuisine tourism resource has a positive effect on their willingness to visit (WTV) the destination (H1). In Study 1, the content analysis of travelogues of 60 Chinese major tourist cities shows that the scenic spots have a significant effect on WTV, while the effect of cuisine tourism resource on WTV is not supported. Moreover, the tourist city Chengdu with both abundant scenic spots and cuisine resources is chosen for further research of how cuisine resources influence tourist’ decisions. In term of 276 questionnaires (Study 2) and 30 interviewee (Study 3), the results show that the impact of the cuisine resource on WTV is moderated by the tourists’ evaluation on the scenic spots. Only when tourists have a high evaluation on scenic spots, the cuisine resource plays a positive impact on WTV, showing the auxiliary attraction of cuisine resource to tourists
Sampling-based Fast Gradient Rescaling Method for Highly Transferable Adversarial Attacks
Deep neural networks are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples
crafted by adding human-imperceptible perturbations to the benign input. After
achieving nearly 100% attack success rates in white-box setting, more focus is
shifted to black-box attacks, of which the transferability of adversarial
examples has gained significant attention. In either case, the common
gradient-based methods generally use the sign function to generate
perturbations on the gradient update, that offers a roughly correct direction
and has gained great success. But little work pays attention to its possible
limitation. In this work, we observe that the deviation between the original
gradient and the generated noise may lead to inaccurate gradient update
estimation and suboptimal solutions for adversarial transferability. To this
end, we propose a Sampling-based Fast Gradient Rescaling Method (S-FGRM).
Specifically, we use data rescaling to substitute the sign function without
extra computational cost. We further propose a Depth First Sampling method to
eliminate the fluctuation of rescaling and stabilize the gradient update. Our
method could be used in any gradient-based attacks and is extensible to be
integrated with various input transformation or ensemble methods to further
improve the adversarial transferability. Extensive experiments on the standard
ImageNet dataset show that our method could significantly boost the
transferability of gradient-based attacks and outperform the state-of-the-art
baselines.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 7 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text
overlap with arXiv:2204.0288
Value Co-Creation and Co-Destruction Through Adult Child–Parent Interactions During Family Vacations: Scale Development and Validation
Although numerous benefits of family vacations have been recognized, the value of family interactions during tourism activities remains under-explored in the literature. Through a series of dual-perspective studies using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, this research developed and validated two multidimensional datasets to measure value co-creation and co-destruction from the perspectives of adult children and their parents on family vacations. The results demonstrate that interactions between adult children and their parents may lead to co-created and co-destructed value, and that children and parents perceive interactive value structures differently. The research also identified two antecedents (family role clarity and prior knowledge) and one consequence (overall experience evaluation) of value co-creation and co-destruction. By developing and validating an effective dual scale for assessing value co-creation and co-destruction through adult child-parent interactions during family vacations, this study advances research on family travel and provides practical evidence that help improve the family travel experience
The current system associated with the boundary of plasma bubbles
The current system associated with the boundary of plasma bubbles in the Earth's magnetotail has been studied by employing Cluster multipoint observations. We have investigated the currents in both the dipolarization front (DF, leading edge of the plasma bubble) and the trailing edge of the plasma bubble. The distribution of currents at the edge indicates that there is a current circuit in the boundary of a plasma bubble. The field‐aligned currents in the trailing edge of the plasma bubble are flowing toward the ionosphere (downward) on the dawnside and away from the ionosphere (upward) on the duskside, in the same sense as region‐1 current. Together with previous studies of the current distributions in the DF and magnetic dip region, we have obtained a more complete picture of the current system surrounding the boundary of plasma bubble. This current system is very similar to the substorm current wedge predicted by MHD simulation models but with much smaller scale.Key PointsWe have obtained a current circuit in the boundary of plasma bubbleThe FACs in the trailing edge of plasma bubble is also region‐1‐senseThe current and FACs system is similar to SCW but with much smaller scalePeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110641/1/grl52338.pd
Processing and characterization of cobalt silicide nanoparticle-containing silicon carbide fibers through a colloidal method and their underlying mechanism
National Natural Science Foundation of China [51002127, 51072169]Cobalt-containing silicon carbide (Co-SiC) fibers were synthesized through a colloidal method. Dicobalt octacarbonyl [Co-2(CO)(8)] was employed to react with low-molecular weight liquid polycarbosilane (LPCS) to prepare a stable Co-containing colloid (Co-colloid), which was subsequently added to high-molecular weight solid polycarbosilane to obtain the precursor. FTIR, GPC, XRD, and TEM were employed to further understand and develop the mechanism for the formation of the Co-colloid. Results show that active Co intermediates derived from the incomplete decomposition of Co-2(CO)(8) promoted LPCS cross-linkage. The effects of the Co-colloid on the oxidation-curing nature of the green fiber were also investigated. Under heat treatment at higher temperature, carbonyls in the fibers completely decomposed and further crystallized in the morphology of cobalt silicide (CoSi) domains. The effects of Co on the electrical resistivity, magnetic properties, dielectric properties, microwave absorption properties and tensile strength of SiC fibers were also studied
In2S3 Quantum Dots: Preparation, Properties and Optoelectronic Application
Low-dimensional semiconductors exhibit remarkable performances in many device applications because of their unique physical, electrical, and optical properties. In this paper, we report a novel and facile method to synthesize In2S3 quantum dots (QDs) at atmospheric pressure and room temperature conditions. This involves the reaction of sodium sulfide with indium chloride and using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant to produce In2S3 QDs with excellent crystal quality. The properties of the as-prepared In2S3 QDs were investigated and photodetectors based on the QDs were also fabricated to study the use of the material in optoelectronic applications. The results show that the detectivity of the device stabilizes at ~ 1013 Jones at room temperature under 365 nm ultraviolet light irradiation at reverse bias voltage
Associations of social determinants of health with life expectancy and future health risks among individuals with type 2 diabetes: two nationwide cohort studies in the UK and USA
Background: Social determinants of health (SDHs) are the primary drivers of preventable health inequities, and the associations between SDHs and health outcomes among individuals with type 2 diabetes remain unclear. This study aimed to estimate the associations of combined SDHs with life expectancy and future health risks among adults with type 2 diabetes from the UK and USA. Methods: In an analysis of two nationwide cohort studies, adults with type 2 diabetes were identified from the UK Biobank from March 13, 2006, to Oct 1, 2010 (adults aged 37–73 years) and the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 (adults aged ≥20 years). Participants with type 2 diabetes at baseline were included in our analysis. Participants without information on SDHs or follow-up were excluded. The UK Biobank assessed 17 SDHs and the US NHANES assessed ten SDHs, with each SDH dichotomised into advantaged and disadvantaged levels. The combined score of SDHs were calculated as the sum of the weighted scores for each SDH. Participants were then categorised into tertiles (favourable, medium, and unfavourable SDH groups). Primary outcomes were life expectancy and mortality in both cohorts, and incidences of cardiovascular disease, diabetes-related microvascular disease, dementia, and cancer in the UK Biobank. Outcomes were obtained from disease registries up until Dec 31, 2021, in the UK Biobank and Dec 31, 2019, in the US NHANES cohorts. Findings: We included 17 321 participants from the UK Biobank cohort (median age 61·0 years [IQR 56·0–65·0]; 6028 [34·8%] women and 11 293 [65·2%] men) and 7885 participants from the NHANES cohort (mean age 59·2 years [95% CI 58·7–59·6]; 3835 [49·1%, weighted] women and 4050 [50·9%, weighted] men) in our analysis. In the UK Biobank, 3235 deaths (median follow-up 12·3 years [IQR 11·5–13·2]), 3010 incident cardiovascular disease (12·1 years [10·8–13·0]), 1997 diabetes-related microvascular disease (8·0 years [7·1–8·9]), 773 dementia (12·6 years [11·8–13·5]), and 2259 cancer cases (11·3 years [10·4–12·2]) were documented; and the US NHANES documented 2278 deaths during a median follow-up of 7·0 years (3·7–11·2). After multivariable adjustment, compared with the favourable SDH group, the hazard ratio was 1·33 (95% CI 1·21–1·46) in the medium SDH group and 1·89 (1·72–2·07) in the unfavourable SDH group in the UK Biobank cohort; 1·51 (1·34–1·70) in the medium SDH group and 2·02 (1·75–2·33) in the unfavourable SDH group in the US NHANES cohort for all-cause mortality; 1·13 (1·04–1·24) in the medium SDH group and 1·40 (1·27–1·53) in the unfavourable SDH group for incident cardiovascular disease; 1·13 (1·01–1·27) in the medium SDH group and 1·41 (1·26–1·59) in the unfavourable SDH group for incident diabetes-related microvascular disease; 1·35 (1·11–1·64) in the medium SDH group and 1·76 (1·46–2·13) in the unfavourable SDH group for incident dementia; and 1·02 (0·92–1·13) in the medium SDH group and 1·17 (1·05–1·30) in the unfavourable SDH group for incident cancer in the UK Biobank cohort (ptrend<0·010 for each category). At the age of 45 years, the mean life expectancy of participants was 1·6 years (0·6–2·3) shorter in the medium SDH group and 4·4 years (3·3–5·4) shorter in the unfavourable SDH group than in the favourable SDH group in the UK Biobank. In the US NHAHES cohort, the life expectancy was 1·7 years (0·6–2·7) shorter in the medium SDH group and 3·0 years (1·8–4·3) shorter in the unfavourable SDH group, compared with the favourable group. Interpretation: Combined unfavourable SDHs were associated with a greater loss of life expectancy and higher risks of developing future adverse health outcomes among adults with type 2 diabetes. These associations were similar across two nationwide cohorts from varied social contexts, and were largely consistent across populations with different demographic, lifestyle, and clinical features. Thus, assessing the combined SDHs of individuals with type 2 diabetes might be a promising approach to incorporate into diabetes care to identify socially vulnerable groups and reduce disease burden. Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Key R&D Program of China, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
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