Coupled Organolanthanide-Catalyzed C−N/C−C Bond Formation Processes. Efficient Regiospecific Assembly of Pyrrolizidine and Indolizidine Skeletons in a Single Catalytic Reaction

Coupled Organolanthanide-Catalyzed C−N/C−C Bond Formation Processes. Efficient Regiospecific Assembly of Pyrrolizidine and Indolizidine Skeletons in a Single Catalytic Reactio

Coupled Organolanthanide-Catalyzed C−N/C−C Bond Formation Processes. Efficient Regiospecific Assembly of Pyrrolizidine and Indolizidine Skeletons in a Single Catalytic Reaction

Coupled Organolanthanide-Catalyzed C−N/C−C Bond Formation Processes. Efficient Regiospecific Assembly of Pyrrolizidine and Indolizidine Skeletons in a Single Catalytic Reactio

Diverse Mechanistic Pathways and Selectivities in Organo-f-Element-Catalyzed Hydroamination. Intermolecular Organolanthanide-Catalyzed Alkyne and Alkene Hydroamination

Lanthanide metallocenes catalyze the regiospecific intermolecular addition of primary amines to acetylenic, olefinic, and diene substrates at rates which are ∼1/1000 those of the most rapid intramolecular analogues. Kinetic and mechanistic data argue for turnover-limiting C⋮C/CC insertion into a Ln−N bond, followed by protonolysis of the resulting Ln−C bond

C−C Bond Cleavage of Acetonitrile by a Dinuclear Copper(II) Cryptate

The dinuclear copper(II) cryptate [Cu2L](ClO4)4 (1) cleaves the C−C bond of acetonitrile at room temperature to produce a cyanide bridged complex of [Cu2L(CN)](ClO4)3·2CH3CN·4H2O (2). The cleavage mechanism is presented on the basis of the results of the crystal structure of 2, electronic absorption spectra, ESI-MS spectroscopy, and GC spectra of 1, respectively

C−C Bond Cleavage of Acetonitrile by a Dinuclear Copper(II) Cryptate

The dinuclear copper(II) cryptate [Cu2L](ClO4)4 (1) cleaves the C−C bond of acetonitrile at room temperature to produce a cyanide bridged complex of [Cu2L(CN)](ClO4)3·2CH3CN·4H2O (2). The cleavage mechanism is presented on the basis of the results of the crystal structure of 2, electronic absorption spectra, ESI-MS spectroscopy, and GC spectra of 1, respectively

Table_1_Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation in Colitis Associated Cancer.DOCX

Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) has been linked to microRNA (miRNA) aberrant expression elicited by inflammation. In this study, we used the AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice model to explore the ectopic expression of miRNAs in the precancerous stage of CAC. As a result, we found that miR-31-5p, miR-223-3p, and let-7f-5p were dysregulated during the development of intestinal dysplasia. Subsequently, we first identified the role of these three miRNAs in CAC. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) was revealed as a new target of miR-223-3p, and solute carrier family 9- subfamily A-member 9 (SLC9A9) and APC membrane recruitment protein 3 (AMER3) were suggested as two new targets for let-7f-5p. For miR-31-5p, we proved that it can target LATS2 mRNA so as to modulate Hippo pathway in Caco2 cells. Second, to examine if targeting these three miRNAs would lead to CAC prevention, pedunculoside, a natural triterpene glycoside capable of rescuing the down-regulation of LATS2 and APC caused by either miR-31-5p or miR-223-3p overexpression, respectively, was used in the in vivo AOM/DSS-induced CAC model. The results showed that pedunculoside (25 mg/kg) substantially mitigated the damage to mice intestine caused by DSS/AOM. These results suggested that miRNAs-elicited post-transcriptional regulation is involved in the pathogenesis of CAC, and CAC can be prevented through targeting key miRNAs that are ectopically expressed in CAC.</p

Protective effect of valerian extract capsule (VEC) on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric mucosa injury and ameliorative effect of VEC on gastrointestinal motility disorder

Valerian extract capsule (VEC) is an effective Chinese patent medicine used for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. To investigate the detailed pharmacological activity for VEC clinical effects in GI diseases. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, model, and drug-treated (VEC-L, VEC-M, VEC-H, and teprenone). Rats were orally administered VEC (124, 248, 496 mg/kg) and teprenone (21.43 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days. After 1 h, the five groups (except the control group) were orally given ethanol (10 mL/kg) for 1 h or indomethacin (80 mg/kg) for 7 h. The spasmolytic activity of VEC (0.01–1 mg/mL) on ACh/BaCl2-induced New Zealand rabbit smooth muscle contraction was performed. The C57BL/6 mice carbon propelling test evaluated the effects of VEC (248–992 mg/kg) on intestinal motility in normal and neostigmine/adrenaline-induced mice. Compared with the model group, VEC treatment reduced the gastric lesion index and mucosal damage. Further experiments showed that the pathological ameliorative effect of VEC was accompanied by augmentation of the enzymatic antioxidant system and cytoprotective marker (COX-1, p p p p p p 2 and promoted intestinal transit in normal and neostigmine/adrenaline-induced mice. VEC showed a potential gastroprotective effect, suggesting that VEC is a promising phytomedicine for the treatment of GI diseases.</p

Sequential Release of Autophagy Inhibitor and Chemotherapeutic Drug with Polymeric Delivery System for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Therapy

Autophagy inhibition is emerging as a new paradigm for efficient cancer therapy by overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR). Here, we developed an effective chemotherapeutic system for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) based on polymeric nanomicelles for codelivery of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and the autophagy inhibitor LY294002 (LY). The hydrophobic DOX was conjugated onto a hydrophilic and pH-responsive hyperbranched polyacylhydrazone (HPAH), forming the DOX-conjugated HPAH (HPAH–DOX). Due to its amphiphilicity, HPAH–DOX self-assembled into nanomicelles in an aqueous solution and the autophagy inhibitor LY could be loaded into the HPAH–DOX micelles. The release of DOX and LY from the LY-loaded HPAH–DOX micelles was pH-dependent, whereas LY was released significantly faster than DOX at a mildly acidic condition. The <i>in vitro</i> evaluation demonstrated that the LY-loaded HPAH–DOX micelles could rapidly enter cancer cells and then release LY and DOX in response to an intracellular acidic environment. Compared to the HPAH–DOX micelles and the physical mixture of HPAH–DOX and LY, the LY-loaded HPAH–DOX micelles induced a higher proliferation inhibition of tumor cells, illustrating a synergistic effect of LY and DOX. The preferentially released LY inhibited the autophagy of tumor cells and made them more sensitive to the subsequent liberation of DOX. The polymeric codelivery system for programmable release of the chemotherapy drug and the autophagy inhibitor provides a new platform for combination of traditional chemotherapy and autophagy inhibition

Data_Sheet_4_Ophiopogonin D′, a Natural Product From Radix Ophiopogonis, Induces in Vitro and in Vivo RIPK1-Dependent and Caspase-Independent Apoptotic Death in Androgen-Independent Human Prostate Cancer Cells.PDF

<p>Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effects of Ophiopogonin D′ (OPD′, a natural product extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine (Radix Ophiopogonis) against androgen-independent prostate cancer cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of action.</p><p>Methods: The CCK-8 assay was used to assess the viability of prostate cancer cells. The cell morphology was examined by an ultrastructural analysis via transmission electron microscopy. Cells in apoptosis (early and late stages) were detected using an Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide kit with a FACSCaliber flow cytometer. JC-1, a cationic lipophilic probe, was employed to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of PC3 cells. Changes in the protein expression of RIPK1, C-RIPK1, caspase 8, cleaved-caspase 8, Bim, Bid, caspase 10, and cleaved-caspase 10 were evaluated by Western blotting. The mRNA expression of Bim was examined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Z-VAD-FMK (a caspase inhibitor) and necrostatin-1 (a specific inhibitor of RIPK1) were utilized to determine whether the cell death was mediated by RIPK1 or caspases. PC3 and DU145 xenograft models in BALB/c nude mice were used to evaluate the anticancer activity of OPD′ in vivo.</p><p>Results: OPD′ was shown to exert potent anti-tumor activity against PC3 cells. It induced apoptosis via a RIPK1-related pathway, increased the protein expression levels of RIPK1 and Bim, and decreased the levels of cleaved-RIPK1, caspase 8, cleaved-caspase 8, Bid, caspase 10, and cleaved-caspase 10. OPD′ also increased the mRNA expression of Bim. The protein expression of Bim was decreased when cells were pre-treated with necrostatin-1. Treatment with OPD′ inhibited the growth of PC3 and DU145 xenograft tumors in BALB/c nude mice.</p><p>Conclusion: OPD′ significantly inhibited the in vitro and in vivo growth of prostate cells via RIPK1, suggesting that OPD′ may be developed as a potential anti-prostate cancer agent.</p

Data_Sheet_3_Ophiopogonin D′, a Natural Product From Radix Ophiopogonis, Induces in Vitro and in Vivo RIPK1-Dependent and Caspase-Independent Apoptotic Death in Androgen-Independent Human Prostate Cancer Cells.PDF

<p>Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effects of Ophiopogonin D′ (OPD′, a natural product extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine (Radix Ophiopogonis) against androgen-independent prostate cancer cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of action.</p><p>Methods: The CCK-8 assay was used to assess the viability of prostate cancer cells. The cell morphology was examined by an ultrastructural analysis via transmission electron microscopy. Cells in apoptosis (early and late stages) were detected using an Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide kit with a FACSCaliber flow cytometer. JC-1, a cationic lipophilic probe, was employed to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of PC3 cells. Changes in the protein expression of RIPK1, C-RIPK1, caspase 8, cleaved-caspase 8, Bim, Bid, caspase 10, and cleaved-caspase 10 were evaluated by Western blotting. The mRNA expression of Bim was examined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Z-VAD-FMK (a caspase inhibitor) and necrostatin-1 (a specific inhibitor of RIPK1) were utilized to determine whether the cell death was mediated by RIPK1 or caspases. PC3 and DU145 xenograft models in BALB/c nude mice were used to evaluate the anticancer activity of OPD′ in vivo.</p><p>Results: OPD′ was shown to exert potent anti-tumor activity against PC3 cells. It induced apoptosis via a RIPK1-related pathway, increased the protein expression levels of RIPK1 and Bim, and decreased the levels of cleaved-RIPK1, caspase 8, cleaved-caspase 8, Bid, caspase 10, and cleaved-caspase 10. OPD′ also increased the mRNA expression of Bim. The protein expression of Bim was decreased when cells were pre-treated with necrostatin-1. Treatment with OPD′ inhibited the growth of PC3 and DU145 xenograft tumors in BALB/c nude mice.</p><p>Conclusion: OPD′ significantly inhibited the in vitro and in vivo growth of prostate cells via RIPK1, suggesting that OPD′ may be developed as a potential anti-prostate cancer agent.</p