Texts of Kolima dialect of Yukaghir

<p>Clinical chemistry data of monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice.</p

Results of stepwise MLRA with denture staining as the dependent variable (<i>n</i> = 222).

<p>Denture staining scores were dichotomized using the median (0.83) as a cutoff value (≤0.83, >0.83). Independent variables included patients’ gender, smoking status, tea consumption, duration of denture use, denture wear status, and cleaning and overnight storage methods. Omnibus tests of model coefficients indicated that the χ² value of the logistic regression model was 115.239 and the <i>P</i> value was <0.001.</p

Results of stepwise MLRA with denture plaque as the dependent variable (<i>n</i> = 222).

<p>Denture plaque scores were dichotomized using the median (1.67) as a cutoff value (≤1.67, >1.67). Independent variables included duration of denture use, denture wear status, and cleaning and overnight storage methods. Omnibus tests of model coefficients indicated that the χ² value of the logistic regression model was 40.129 and the <i>P</i> value was <0.001.</p

Demographic characteristics, basic denture information, and daily maintenance habits of denture wearers in Xi’an, China (<i>n</i> = 222).

<p>Demographic characteristics, basic denture information, and daily maintenance habits of denture wearers in Xi’an, China (<i>n</i> = 222).</p

Cytotoxic withanolides from <i>Physalis angulata</i>

<p>A new withanolide (<b>1</b>), physagulide P, together with five known withanolides (<b>2–6</b>), was isolated from the aerial parts of <i>Physalis angulata</i> L. The structure of new compound was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS. The activity screening indicated that compound <b>1</b> showed significant cytotoxicities against the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63, HepG-2 hepatoma cells and breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 with the IC₅₀ value of 3.50, 4.22 and 15.74 μM.</p

Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser at Different Output Powers on the Micromorphology and the Bond Property of Non-Carious Sclerotic Dentin to Resin Composites

<div><p>Background</p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiated at different powers on the micromorphology and the bonding property of non-carious sclerotic dentin to resin composites.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Two hundred bovine incisors characterized by non-carious sclerotic dentin were selected, and the seventy-two teeth of which for surface morphological analysis were divided into nine groups according to various treatments (A: the control group, B: only treated with the adhesive Adper Easy One, C: diamond bur polishing followed by Adper Easy One, D-I: Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiating at 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, 5W, 6W output power, respectively, followed by Adper Easy One). The surface roughness values were measured by the non-contact three-dimensional morphology scanner, then the surface micromorphologies of surfaces in all groups were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); meanwhile, Image Pro-Plus 6.0 software was used to measure the relative percentage of open tubules on SEM images. The rest, one hundred twenty-eight teeth for bond strength test, were divided into eight groups according to the different treatments (A: only treated with the adhesive Adper Easy One, B: diamond bur polishing followed by the above adhesive, C-H: Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiating at 1 W, 2 W, 3 W, 4 W, 5 W, 6 W output power, respectively, followed by the above adhesive), and each group was subsequently divided into two subgroups according to whether aging is performed (immediately tested and after thermocycling). Micro-shear bond strength test was used to evaluate the bond strength.</p><p>Results</p><p>The 4W laser group showed the highest roughness value (30.84±1.93μm), which was statistically higher than the control group and the diamond bur groups (p<0.05). The mean percentages ((27.8±1.8)%, (28.0±2.2)%, (30.0±1.9)%) of open tubules area in the 4W, 5W, 6W group were higher than other groups (p<0.05). The 4W laser group showed the highest micro-shear bond strength not only in immediately tested (17.60±2.55 PMa) but after thermocycling (14.35±2.08MPa).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 4W power can effectively improve the bonding property between non-carious sclerotic dentin and resin composites by increasing the roughness and mean percentage area of open tubules.</p></div

N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)-Directed Detoxification of Methacryloxylethyl Cetyl Ammonium Chloride (DMAE-CB)

<div><p>Methacryloxylethyl cetyl ammonium chloride (DMAE-CB) is a polymerizable antibacterial monomer and has been proved as an effective strategy to achieve bioactive bonding with reliable bacterial inhibitory effects. However, the toxicity of DMAE-CB may hamper its wide application in clinical situations. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the toxicity of DMAE-CB and explore the possible protective effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showed that chemical binding of NAC and DMAE-CB occurred in a time dependent manner. Pre-incubation of fourty-eight hours is required for adequate reaction between DMAE-CB and NAC. DMAE-CB reduced human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) viability in a dose-dependent manner. The toxic effects of DMAE-CB were accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. NAC alleviated DMAE-CB-induced oxidative stress. Annexin V/ Propidium Iodide (PI) staining and Hoechst 33342 staining indicated that DMAE-CB induced apoptosis. Collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and activation of caspase-3 were also observed after DMAE-CB treatment. NAC rescued hDPCs from DMAE-CB-induced apoptosis, accompanied by lower level of MMP loss and caspase-3 activity. This study assists to elucidate the mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effects of DMAE-CB and provides theoretical supports for the searching of effective strategies to reduce toxicity of quaternary ammonium dental monomers.</p></div

Detection of NAC-DMAE-CB adduct by LC-MS after 48 h of incubation.

<p>A, B and C shows the full scan MS spectra of NAC (m/z = 161.9, [M-H]), DMAE-CB adduct (m/z = 416.7, [M-H]) and NAC-DMAE-CB, respectively adduct (m/z = 579.1, [M-H]). Arrows indicate the peak of the three components.</p

SEM micrographs of non-carious sclerotic dentin in all groups.

<p>(A) The control group without any treatment; (B) Adper Easy One adhesive treatment; (C) Diamond bur polishing followed by Adper Easy One adhesive application; (D, E, F, G, H, and I) Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, 5W, and 6 W, respectively, and followed by Adper Easy One adhesive application. (magnification, 5000×).</p

Analysis of the NAC-DMAE-CB adduct using HPLC.

<p>NAC (A) or DMAE-CB (B) solution was first analyzed alone. Then, analysis of the mixtures of NAC and DMAE-CB was performed immediately after preparation (C), or after 24 h (D) or 48 h (E) of pre-incubation.</p