Additional file 1 of The role of lifestyle in the association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and cardiovascular disease: a national cohort study in China

Additional file 1: Method S1. Ambient air pollution exposure acquisition. Figure S1. Sampling procedure. Figure S2. Study flowchart. Figure S3. The association of different lifestyle factors. Figure S4. (a) The proportion of single ideal factor in different lifestyle groups. (b) The proportion of ideal factors in different lifestyle groups. Figure S5. Directed acyclic graph. Figure S6. The marginal effect of lifestyle on CVD and in the relationship between ambient air pollutant exposure and CVD. Table S1. The score criteria of different lifestyle factors. Table S2. The exposure level of different air pollutants among the study population. Table S3. The exposure level by quintile of air pollutant. Table S4. The HRs (95% CIs) of the associations between lifestyle and CVD with and without adjustment for ambient air pollutant exposure. Table S5. Joint effects of lifestyle and air pollutant exposure on the incidence of CVD. Table S6. The HRs (95% CIs) of incident CVD associated with each lifestyle factor at different levels of air pollutant exposure. Table S7. Subgroup analysis of the additive interactions analysis of the effect of dichotomized lifestyle on the association between ambient air pollutant exposure and CVD in high air pollutant exposure levels (Q2–Q5). Table S8. The HRs (95% CIs) of associations between air pollutant exposure (per 10 μg/m3 increase) and incident CVD, and the mediation effect of lifestyle categories on air pollution and CVD in different sensitivity analysis models. Table S9. The HRs (95% CIs) of the association between ambient air pollutant exposure (per 10 μg/m3 increase) and CVD in different lifestyle categories in different sensitivity analysis models. Table S10. Multiplicative and additive interaction analysis of the effect of dichotomized lifestyle on the association between time-varying ambient air pollutant exposure and CVD. Table S11. Multiplicative and additive interaction analysis of the effect of dichotomized lifestyle on the association between 3 years of ambient air pollutant exposure and CVD. Table S12. Multiplicative and additive interaction analysis of the effect of dichotomized lifestyle considering new categories and nighttime sleep duration on the association between ambient air pollutant exposure and CVD. Table S13. Multiplicative and additive interaction analysis of the effect of dichotomized lifestyle considering new assignment of lifestyle categories on the association between ambient air pollutant exposure and CVD. Table S14. The subdistribution HRs (sHRs, 95% CI) of the associations between ambient air pollutant exposure (per 10 μg/m3) and CVD in different lifestyle categories. Table S15. Baseline characteristics of included and excluded participants. Table S16. Baseline characteristics of included participants and those without lifestyle scores

Incidence of Congenital Heart Disease: The 9-Year Experience of the Guangdong Registry of Congenital Heart Disease, China

<div><p>There are 16.5 million newborns in China annually. However, the incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) has not been evaluated. In 2004, we launched an active province-wide hospital-based CHD registry in the Guangdong Province of southern China. In this study, we examined the incidence of CHD and its subtypes from 2004 to 2012 and compared our findings to the literature. Our results indicate there is an increasing trend of CHD incidence. The increase in incidence occurred mainly for single lesion and the most common subtypes (e.g., ventricular or atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus). There were no increases found for multiple lesions or more complex subtypes. The proportion of CHD cases that were detected early (e.g., 1 week) increased over time. The incidence of CHD stabilized in 2010–2012 with the average cumulative incidences of 9.7, 9.9, and 11.1 per 1,000 live births at 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year, respectively. The incidences of CHD subtypes were comparable with recent international results. The data did not support previous reports that Asian children have a higher incidence of pulmonary outflow obstructions and lower incidence of transposition of the great arteries. However, there was a lower incidence of left ventricular outflow tract obstructions observed in our series. The increase in CHD incidence observed over time was due to improved detection and diagnosis. The true incidence of CHD in China was approximately 11.1 per 1,000 live births, which is higher than previously reported.</p></div

Incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) subtypes (per 1,000) in Guangdong Registry of Congenital Heart Disease (GRCHD) compared with European Registry of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) and Hoffman’s review.

<p>Incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) subtypes (per 1,000) in Guangdong Registry of Congenital Heart Disease (GRCHD) compared with European Registry of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) and Hoffman’s review.</p

The cumulative 1-year incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) per 1,000 live births from 2004 to 2012, Guangdong Registry of Congenital Heart Disease (GRCHD), China.

<p>Upper Panel: Single lesion vs. multiple lesions. Lower Panel: The three most common subtypes including ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) versus 7 other subtypes including pulmonary stenosis/pulmonary valve stenosis (PS), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), double outlet of right ventricle (DORV), mitral insufficiency (MI), single ventricle (SV), and coarctation of aorta (CoA).</p