Solubility and Preferential Solvation of Carbazochrome in Solvent Mixtures of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‑Dimethylformamide Plus Methanol/Ethanol/<i>n</i>‑Propanol and Dimethyl Sulfoxide Plus Water

The carbazochrome (3) solubility in solvent mixtures of DMF (<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide, 1) + methanol (2), DMF (1) + ethanol (2), DMF (1) + <i>n</i>-propanol (2), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 1) + water (2) was measured by the static method within the temperature range from (278.15 to 318.15) K under atmospheric pressure, <i>p</i> = 101.0 kPa. The solubility of carbazochrome increased with rising mass fraction of DMF or DMSO and temperature. The Jouyban–Acree, van’t Hoff–Jouyban–Acree, and Apelblat–Jouyban–Acree models were used to correlate the obtained solubility, and the Apelblat–Jouyban–Acree model provided better correlation results. The parameters of preferential solvation (<i>δx</i>_1,3) were acquired from the mixture properties with the method of inverse Kirkwood–Buff integrals. The values of <i>δx</i>_1,3 changed nonlinearly with the DMF/DMSO (1) proportion in the studied mixed solvents. The carbazochrome was solvated preferentially by alcohol or water in alcohol or water-rich solutions and preferentially solvated by DMF/DMSO in DMF/DMSO-rich mixtures. It could be speculated that in DMF/DMSO-rich mixtures the interaction by acidic hydrogen bonding with the basic sites of carbazochrome played a significant role in carbazochrome solvation

Discovery of Near-Infrared Heptamethine Cyanine Probes for Imaging-Guided Surgery in Solid Tumors

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has attracted much attention in image-guided interventions with unique advantages. However, the clinical translation rate of fluorescence probes is extremely low, primarily due to weak lesion signal contrast and poor specificity. To address this dilemma, a series of small-molecule near-infrared fluorescence probes have been designed for tumor imaging. Among them, YQ-04-03 showed notable optical stability and remarkable sensitivity toward tumor targeting. Moreover, within a specific concentration and time range against oxidizing reducing agents and laser, it demonstrated better stability than ICG. The retention time of YQ-04-03 in tumors was significantly longer compared to other nonspecific uptake sites in the subjects, and its tumor-to-normal tissue ratio (TNR) outperformed ICG. Successful resection of in situ hepatocarcinoma and peritoneal carcinoma was achieved using probe imaging guidance, with the smallest visual lesion resected measuring approximately 1 mm3. Ultimately, this probe holds great potential for advancing tumor tracer

Discovery of Near-Infrared Heptamethine Cyanine Probes for Imaging-Guided Surgery in Solid Tumors

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has attracted much attention in image-guided interventions with unique advantages. However, the clinical translation rate of fluorescence probes is extremely low, primarily due to weak lesion signal contrast and poor specificity. To address this dilemma, a series of small-molecule near-infrared fluorescence probes have been designed for tumor imaging. Among them, YQ-04-03 showed notable optical stability and remarkable sensitivity toward tumor targeting. Moreover, within a specific concentration and time range against oxidizing reducing agents and laser, it demonstrated better stability than ICG. The retention time of YQ-04-03 in tumors was significantly longer compared to other nonspecific uptake sites in the subjects, and its tumor-to-normal tissue ratio (TNR) outperformed ICG. Successful resection of in situ hepatocarcinoma and peritoneal carcinoma was achieved using probe imaging guidance, with the smallest visual lesion resected measuring approximately 1 mm3. Ultimately, this probe holds great potential for advancing tumor tracer

Determinant and co-determinant coefficients of the morphometric traits on the meat yield of <i>Meretrix meretrix</i> (N = 50).

Determinant and co-determinant coefficients of the morphometric traits on the meat yield of Meretrix meretrix (N = 50).</p

Morphological measurement of <i>Meretrix meretrix</i>.

To determine the relevance of morphometric properties attributed to the meat yield and fatness index of the saltwater hard clam Meretrix meretrix. A new strain of M. meretrix with red shell color was produced after five generations of selection within a family of full-sibs. 7 morphometric traits, including shell length (SL), shell height (SH), shell width (SW), ligament length (LL), projection length (PL), projection width (PW), and live body weight (LW), and 2 meat characteristics, including meat yield (MY) and fatness index (FI) were measured from 50 individuals of three-year-old M. meretrix. The correlation coefficients, path coefficients, determination coefficients among attributes were analyzed. The results indicated that correlation achieved very significant levels (PR2) of morphometric traits against the meat yield and fatness index of clams were 0.901 and 0,929, respectively, indicating that the live body weight and shell length were the common main factors influencing the meat characteristics. By testing the significance of partial regression coefficient and gradually removing the non-significant morphometric traits, a multiple regression equation was established to estimate the relationship between shell length (SL, mm), live body weight (LW, g), ligament length (LL, mm) and meat yield (MY, %), fat index (FI, %): MY (%) = 0.432SL+0.251LW and FI (%) = 0.156SL+0.067LL+0.42LW-3.533. The study draws a conclusion that live body weight and shell length have a predominant direct effect on the meat yield and fatness index, which provides theoretical information for the breeding of M. meretrix.</div

Descriptive characteristics of the red strain of <i>Meretrix meretrix</i> (N = 50).

Descriptive characteristics of the red strain of Meretrix meretrix (N = 50).</p

The red strain of saltwater clam <i>Meretrix meretrix</i>.

The red strain of saltwater clam Meretrix meretrix.</p

Effects of morphometric traits on the fatness index of <i>Meretrix meretrix</i> (N = 50).

Effects of morphometric traits on the fatness index of Meretrix meretrix (N = 50).</p