MOESM1 of Acceleration of biodetoxification on dilute acid pretreated lignocellulose feedstock by aeration and the consequent ethanol fermentation evaluation

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The detection of furfural volatilization without inoculum under different aeration rate in the 5 L fermenter. The volatilization of furfural in the pretreated corn stover under different aeration rate without inoculation of A. resinae ZN1. The conditions were controlled at 28 °C, pH 5.5. The volatilization was calculated by the ratio of reduced furfural content to the original furfural content

All-optical measurement of high-order fractional molecular echoes by high-order harmonic generation

An all-optical measurement of high-order fractional molecular echoes is demonstrated by using high-order harmonic generation (HHG). Excited by a pair of time-delayed short laser pulses, the signatures of full and high order fractional (1/2 and 1/3) alignment echoes are observed in the HHG signals measured from CO2 molecules at various time delays of the probe pulse. By increasing the time delay of the pump pulses, much higher order fractional (1/4) alignment echo is also observed in N2O molecules. With an analytic model based on the impulsive approximation, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the echo process are retrieved from the experiment. Compared to the typical molecular alignment revivals, high-order fractional molecular echoes are demonstrated to dephase more rapidly, which will open a new route towards the ultrashort-time measurement. The proposed HHG method paves an efficient way for accessing the high-order fractional echoes in molecules

All-optical spatio-temporal metrology for isolated attosecond pulses

Characterizing an isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) is essential for its potential applications. A complete characterization of an IAP ultimately requires the determination of its electric field in both time and space domains. However, previous methods, like the widely-used RABBITT and attosecond streaking, only measure the temporal profile of the attosecond pulse. Here we demonstrate an all-optical method for the measurement of the space-time properties of an IAP. By introducing a non-collinear perturbing pulse to the driving field, the process of IAP generation is modified both spatially and temporally, manifesting as a spatial and a frequency modulation in the harmonic spectrum. By using a FROG-like retrieval method, the spatio-spectral phases of the harmonic spectrum are faithfully extracted from the induced spatio-spectral modulations, which allows a thoroughgoing characterization of the IAP in both time and space. With this method, the spatio-temporal structures of the IAP generated in a two-color driving field in both the near- and far-field are fully reconstructed, from which a weak spatio-temporal coupling in the IAP generation is revealed. Our approach overcomes the limitation in the temporal measurement in conventional in situ scheme, providing a reliable and holistic metrology for IAP characterization

Molecular rotation movie filmed with high-harmonic generation

Direct imaging of molecular dynamics is a long-standing goal in physics and chemistry. As an emerging tool, high-harmonic spectroscopy (HHS) enables accessing molecular dynamics on femtosecond to attosecond time scales. However, decoding information from the harmonic signals is usually painstaking due to the coherent nature of high-harmonic generation (HHG). Here we show that this obstacle can be effectively overcome by exploiting machine learning in HHS. Combining the machine learning with an angle-resolved HHS method, we demonstrate that the rich dynamics of molecular rotational wave packet is fully reconstructed from the angular distributions of HHG measured at various time delays of the probe pulse. The experimental retrievals are in good agreement with the numerical simulations. These findings provide a comprehensive picture of molecular rotation in space and time which will facilitate the development of related researches on molecular dynamics imaging

MOESM2 of Heterozygous diploid structure of Amorphotheca resinae ZN1 contributes efficient biodetoxification on solid pretreated corn stover

Additional file 2: Figure S2. Genetic stability of A. resinae ZN1

MOESM7 of Heterozygous diploid structure of Amorphotheca resinae ZN1 contributes efficient biodetoxification on solid pretreated corn stover

Additional file 7: Table S1. The primers used in this study

MOESM5 of Heterozygous diploid structure of Amorphotheca resinae ZN1 contributes efficient biodetoxification on solid pretreated corn stover

Additional file 5: Figure S4. Comparison of the expression of orthologous gene pairs in central metabolism

MOESM1 of Heterozygous diploid structure of Amorphotheca resinae ZN1 contributes efficient biodetoxification on solid pretreated corn stover

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Amplification of the 15 marker gene pairs in A. resinae ZN1

MOESM4 of Heterozygous diploid structure of Amorphotheca resinae ZN1 contributes efficient biodetoxification on solid pretreated corn stover

Additional file 4: Dataset S1. Predicted genes and their expression on the central carbon metabolism

MOESM6 of Heterozygous diploid structure of Amorphotheca resinae ZN1 contributes efficient biodetoxification on solid pretreated corn stover

Additional file 6: Figure S5. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes