Insights into the Mechanism of Selective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions by the Pulsed/Direct Current Electrochemical Method

Heavy metal pollution treatment in industrial wastewater is crucial for protecting biological and environmental safety. However, the highly efficient and selective removal of heavy metal ions from multiple cations in wastewater is a significant challenge. This work proposed a pulse electrochemical method with a low-/high-voltage periodic appearance to selectively recover heavy metal ions from complex wastewater. It exhibited a higher recovery efficiency for heavy metal ions (100% for Pb2+ and Cd2+, >98% for Mn2+) than other alkali and alkaline earth metal ions (Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were kept below 3.6, 1.3, and 2.6%, respectively) in the multicomponent solution. The energy consumption was only 34–77% of that of the direct current electrodeposition method. The results of characterization and experiment unveil the mechanism that the low-/high-voltage periodic appearance can significantly suppress the water-splitting reaction and break the mass-transfer limitation between heavy metal ions and electrodes. In addition, the plant study demonstrates the feasibility of treated wastewater for agricultural use, further proving the high sustainability of the method. Therefore, it provides new insights into the selective recovery of heavy metals from industrial wastewater

Trends in risk of multiple in-hospital clinical outcomes with increasing number of prior medications used.

<p>HR: heart rate; MACEs: major adverse cardiovascular events; OR: odd ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction;</p

Baseline characteristics of ACS patients by prior use of four recommended medications.

<p>Baseline characteristics of ACS patients by prior use of four recommended medications.</p

Baseline Health-Related Quality of Life and 10-Year All-Cause Mortality among 1739 Chinese Adults

<div><p>Background and Purpose</p><p>Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) may be associated with the longevity of patients; yet it is not clear whether this association holds in a general population, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to determine whether baseline HRQOL was associated with 10-year all-cause mortality in a Chinese general population.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2002 to 2012 on 1739 participants in 11 villages of Beijing. Baseline data on six domains of HRQOL, chronic diseases and cardiovascular risk factors were collected in either 2002 (n = 1290) or 2005 (n = 449). Subjects were followed through the end of the study period, or until they were censored due to death or loss to follow-up, whichever came first.</p><p>Results</p><p>A multivariable Cox model estimated that <i>Total HRQOL score</i> (bottom 50% versus top 50%) was associated with a 44% increase in all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-2.06), after adjusting for sex, age, education levels, occupation, marital status, smoking status, fruit intake, vegetable intake, physical exercise, hypertension, history of a stroke, myocardial infarction, chronic respiratory disease, and kidney disease. Among the six HRQOL domains, the <i>Independence</i> domain had the largest fully adjusted HR (HR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.13-2.42), followed by <i>Psychological</i> (HR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.03-2.09), <i>Environmental</i> (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.003-2.03), <i>Physical</i> (HR = 1.38; 95% CI: 0.97-1.95), <i>General</i> (HR = 1.37; 95% CI: 0.97-1.94), and the <i>Social</i> domain (HR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.81-1.65).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Lower HRQOL, especially the inability to live independently, was associated with a significantly increased risk of 10-year all-cause mortality. The inclusion of HRQOL measures in clinical assessment may improve diagnostic accuracy to improve clinical outcomes and better target public health promotions.</p></div

ORs (95%CI) of prior medications use on in-hospital development of complications and MACEs among ACS patients after further adjusting for severity at presentation.

<p>ORs (95%CI) of prior medications use on in-hospital development of complications and MACEs among ACS patients after further adjusting for severity at presentation.</p

Multiple clinical outcomes (%) by prior medications use and multi-variable adjusted ORs (95%CI) among ACS patients.

<p>Multiple clinical outcomes (%) by prior medications use and multi-variable adjusted ORs (95%CI) among ACS patients.</p

Bleeding (%) by prior antiplatelet agents use and multi-variable adjusted ORs (95%CI) among ACS patients (%).

<p>Bleeding (%) by prior antiplatelet agents use and multi-variable adjusted ORs (95%CI) among ACS patients (%).</p

Association of total HRQOL score and demographic and health characteristics (n = 1,739).

<p>*Those without serum measurement (N = 19) were excluded.</p><p>#p values were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank test, except where noted.</p><p>∧ p values were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis rank test.</p

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and corresponding areas under the curve (AUCs) comparing the discriminative power of IL-10(yes/no top tertile) and its SNP score only, the conventional risk score alone and their combination.

<p>Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and corresponding areas under the curve (AUCs) comparing the discriminative power of IL-10(yes/no top tertile) and its SNP score only, the conventional risk score alone and their combination.</p