Data_Sheet_1_Biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus velezensis strain YS-AT-DS1 against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants.docx

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.), one of the most economically important plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), cause severe yield and quality losses in agriculture annually. The application of biological control agents is an environmentally safe and effective approach to control RKNs. Here, we report the genomic characteristics of a Bacillus velezensis strain YS-AT-DS1 (Bv-DS1) isolated from the tidal soil, revealing that it has a 4.73 Mb circular chromosome with an average GC-content of 46.43%, 3,977 genes, 86 tRNAs, and 27 rRNAs, and contains secondary metabolite clusters for producing antimicrobial compounds. In vitro assays indicated that Bv-DS1 has not only antagonistic activities against fungal pathogens, but also shows nematicidal activity, with a mortality rate of 71.62% mortality rates in second-stage juvenile (J2s) Meloidogyne incognita. We then focused on the biocontrol efficiency of Bv-DS1 against M. incognita in pot assays. Preinoculation with Bv-DS1 enhanced tomato growth, and significantly reduced the infection rate of J2s, and the number of galls and egg masses on tomato roots. The underlying mechanism in Bv-DS1-induced resistance to M. incognita was further investigated through split-root experiments, and analysing the expression of the genes related to jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and the tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP). The results indicated that Bv-DS1 could not activate host systemic-induced resistance (ISR) in the split-root system of tomatoes. Additionally, the expression of JA- (LOX D and MC) and SA- (PAL2 and PR) responsive genes did not change in Bv-DS1-pretreated plants at 3 and 14 days after nematode inoculation. The presented data showed that JA-and SA-dependent pathways were not required for the biocontrol action of the Bv-DS1 against RKN. The TIP genes, responsible for transport of water and small substrates in plants, have previously been shown to negatively regulate the parasitism of PPNs. Surprisingly, Bv-DS1 compromised the downregulation of TIP1.1 and TIP1.3 by M. incognita. Together, our data suggest that Bv-DS1 exhibits a dual effect on plant growth promotion and protection against RKN, possibly related to the regulation of water and solute transport via TIPs. Thus, the Bv-DS1 strain could be used as a biocontrol agent for RKN control in sustainable agriculture.</p

Overexpression of RAGE in gastric cancer as detected by Westen blotting analysis.

<p><b>a.</b> Data presented here are representative of all the samples. <b>b.</b> Relative expression of RAGE was significantly increased in gastric carcinoma tissues compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues assessed by Westen blotting. *** <i>P</i><0.001(pared t test, n = 30). GC, gastric carcinoma tissues; NC, adjacent non-cancerous tissues.</p

Overexpression of RAGE in gastric cancer as detected by qRT-PCR.

<p>Relative elevated expression of RAGE in gastric carcinoma tissues compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues assessed by qRT-PCR. **<i>P</i> = 0.0057(pared t test, n = 30). GC, gastric carcinoma tissues; NC, adjacent non-cancerous tissues.</p

Relationship between RAGE expression and clinicopathologic features of patients with gastric cancer.

<p>AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer.</p><p>Relationship between RAGE expression and clinicopathologic features of patients with gastric cancer.</p

Immunochemistry(IHC) analysis of RAGE expression in gastric carcinoma tissues(GC) and adjacent non-cancerous tissues(NC); ×200.

<p>Immunochemistry(IHC) analysis of RAGE expression in gastric carcinoma tissues(GC) and adjacent non-cancerous tissues(NC); ×200.</p

Immunohistochemical score of the RAGE protein expression in gastric cancer and adjacent noncancerous tissues.

<p>GC, gastric carcinoma tissues; NC, adjacent non-cancerous tissues; SI, the staining index.</p><p>Immunohistochemical score of the RAGE protein expression in gastric cancer and adjacent noncancerous tissues.</p

Univariate and multivariate analysis of clinicopathological parameters for correlation with overall survival.

<p>HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer;</p><p>^a Hazard ratios in univariate models;</p><p>^b Hazard ratios in multivariable models.</p><p>Univariate and multivariate analysis of clinicopathological parameters for correlation with overall survival.</p

Table_1_Safety and short-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant immunotherapy: A retrospective cohort study.pdf

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been increasingly used for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, the safety and the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy for patients with AGC after neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NAI) remain unknown.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the patients with AGC who underwent laparoscopic surgery after neoadjuvant therapy between 1 January 2019 and 31 October 2021. We further compared the differences in postoperative complications, overall response rate, adverse events, surgical parameters, and postoperative recovery between two cohorts: the NAI group (NAI plus chemotherapy) and the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) group. Multivariable regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for the overall response rate.ResultsOverall, 80 patients were enrolled, of whom 30 cases were included in the NAI cohort and 50 were included in the NAC cohort. The overall rate of postoperative complications was 30.0% in both groups (p = 1.000). The overall response rate was 70.0% in the NAI cohort and 40% in the NAC cohort (p = 0.012). The adverse effects were found in 16 cases (53.3%) of the NAI cohort and 23 cases (46.0%) of the NAC cohort (p = 0.645). There was no statistical difference in intraoperative bleeding (50 ml vs. 50 ml, p = 0.983), operation time (320.9 min vs. 303.5 min, p = 0.382), dissected lymph node count (43.5 vs. 40.0, p = 0.364), first postoperative anal aerofluxus (3 days vs. 3 days, p = 0.091), first liquid diet (4 days vs. 5 days, p = 0.213), and postoperative length of stay in the hospital (8 days vs. 7 days, p = 0.508) between the two groups. NAI was estimated to be the independent protective factor [odds ratio (OR) 4.931, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.385–17.559), p = 0.014] for odds to overall response rate, whereas vessel invasion was found to be the significant risk factor [OR 0.113, 95% CI (0.027–0.475), p = 0.003].ConclusionsLaparoscopic surgery after NAI combined with chemotherapy is a safe therapeutic choice for AGC and may bring better short-term outcomes due to a higher overall response rate.</p

Sericin nanomicelles with enhanced cellular uptake and pH-triggered release of doxorubicin reverse cancer drug resistance

<p>Drug resistance is the major challenge facing cancer chemotherapy and nanoscale delivery systems based on natural materials, such as sericin, are a promising means of overcoming drug resistance. Yet, no attempt of introducing synthetic poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) onto sericin polypeptide to fabricate a facile biocompatible and biodegradable micelle has been tried. Here, we prepared a polypeptide-based amphiphilic polymer containing hydrophilic sericin polypeptide backbone and PBLG side chains <i>via</i> ring-opening polymerization (ROP) strategy. The introduction of PBLG side chains remarkably enhances the stability of sericin micelles in water. Meanwhile, the micelles exhibited a high loading capacity and pH-responsive release ability for antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX), called sericin-PBLG-DOX. Owing to the excellent cell membrane penetration of sericin-PBLG, the cellular uptake of DOX when loaded into micelles was improved. Subsequently, sericin-PBLG-DOX was transferred into perinuclear lysosomes, where the release rate of DOX was accelerated. Compared to the same dose of DOX, sericin-PBLG-DOX could induce a more efficient anti-tumor effect both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo,</i> and these micelles have promise for future clinical applications in overcoming cancer drug resistance with good biosafety, enhanced cellular uptake, pH-triggered drug release, efficient anti-tumor effects, and minimized systemic toxicity.</p