217 research outputs found

    Hadis-hadis Antropomorfisme: Analisis Terhadap Takwil Ibn Hajar Al-‘asqalânî Dalam Fath Al-bârî

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    : Anthropomorphism in Hadith: An Analysis of Ibn Hajar al- ‘Asqalânî\u27s Ta\u27wîl in Fath al-Bârî. In the history of Islamic theology, discussion on Quranic verses and the Prophetic traditions that deal with anthropomorphism has undergone long history starting from heated debate between literal hadith centrists with those of rationalists theologians and the Muktazilah. This essay attempts to elaborate Ibn Hajar\u27s view, as an advocate of tradition, in understanding the hadiths that describe the attributes similar to that of His creatures. In order to avoid potential error and confusion in understanding the attributes of God, Ibn Hajar utilized ta\u27wîl method and departed from his root due to socio-political condition and the prevailing theological teachings that led him to support the tenets of Asy‘ariyah. Conversely, he was very keen on safeguarding the Muslim\u27s creed from equating God\u27s attributes with His creatures

    Material Flow for the Intentional Use of Mercury in China

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    Intentional use of mercury (Hg) is an important contributor to the release of Hg into the environment. This study presents the first inventory of material flow for intentional use of Hg in China. The total amount of Hg used in China increased from 803 ± 95 tons in 2005 to its peak level of 1272 ± 110 tons in 2011. Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) production is the largest user of Hg, accounting for over 60% of the total demand. As regulations on Hg content in products are tightening globally against the background of the Minamata Convention, the total demand will decrease. Medical devices will likely still use a significant amount of Hg and become the second largest user of Hg if no proactive measures are taken. Significant knowledge gaps exist in China for catalyst recycling sector. Although more than half of the Hg used is recycled, this sector has not drawn enough attention. There are also more than 200 tons of Hg that had unknown fates in 2011; very little information exists related to this issue. Among the final environmental fates, landfill is the largest receiver of Hg, followed by air, water, and soil

    Association of rs6265 and rs2030324 Polymorphisms in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis

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    <div><p>Background</p><p>The association between polymorphisms rs6265 and rs2030324 in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<i>BDNF</i>) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been widely reported, but the results remain controversial.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A comprehensive search of Pubmed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Med Online and China Biology Medical literature database (CBM) was performed. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed or random-effects models. We excluded the studies with OR>3.0 or OR<0.3 for sensitive analysis. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity, form of AD and gender was carried out. Meta-regression was conducted to explore the potential sources of between-study heterogeneity.</p><p>Results</p><p>29 articles with 7548 cases and 7334 controls concerning rs6265 and 22 articles with 5796 cases and 5706 controls concerning rs2030324 were included in this meta-analysis. The combined evidence suggested rs6265 contributing significantly to the increased risk of AD in females (codominant: fixed-effects model (FEM): OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04–1.23; dominant: FEM: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05–1.31), especially for Caucasian females (codominant: FEM: OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.03–1.34; dominant: FEM: OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.01–1.37) and female late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) patients (codominant: FEM: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.05–1.41; dominant: FEM: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.03–1.46). No evidence indicated an association between rs2030324 with AD in codominant (random-effects model (REM): OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.89–1.26) and dominant (REM: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.86–1.27) models.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>This meta-analysis suggested A allele of rs6265 might increase the risk of AD in Caucasian females and female LOAD patients. In addition, no evidence indicated an association between rs2030324 with AD. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.</p></div

    Forest plots of relationship between BDNF gene rs6265 polymorphism and AD risk in codominant model (A vs. G) for female group.

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    <p>White diamond donates the pooled OR. Black squares indicate the OR in each study, with square sizes inversely proportional to the standard error of the OR. Horizontal lines represent 95% CIs.</p

    Main characteristics of BDNF gene rs6265 polymorphism genotype distributions in studies included in this meta-analysis.

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    *<p>The cases of these studies are late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD); Abbreviations: Na, not available; HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. NINCDS-ADRDA, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition); CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease.</p

    Metal Doping Effect of the M–Co<sub>2</sub>P/Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes (M = Fe, Ni, Cu) Hydrogen Evolution Hybrid Catalysts

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    The enhancement of catalytic performance of cobalt phosphide-based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is still challenging. In this work, the doping effect of some transition metal (M = Fe, Ni, Cu) on the electrocatalytic performance of the M–Co<sub>2</sub>P/NCNTs (NCNTs, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes) hybrid catalysts for the HER was studied systematically. The M–Co<sub>2</sub>P/NCNTs hybrid catalysts were synthesized via a simple in situ thermal decomposition process. A series of techniques, including X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and N<sub>2</sub> sorption were used to characterize the as-synthesized M–Co<sub>2</sub>P/NCNTs hybrid catalysts. Electrochemical measurements showed the catalytic performance according to the following order of Fe–Co<sub>2</sub>P/NCNTs > Ni–Co<sub>2</sub>P/NCNTs > Cu–Co<sub>2</sub>P/NCNTs, which can be ascribed to the difference of structure, morphology, and electronic property after doping. The doping of Fe atoms promote the growth of the [111] crystal plane, resulting in a large specific area and exposing more catalytic active sites. Meanwhile, the Fe<sup>δ+</sup> has the highest positive charge among all the M–Co<sub>2</sub>P/NCNTs hybrid catalysts after doping. All these changes can be used to contribute the highest electrocatalytic activity of the Fe–Co<sub>2</sub>P/NCNTs hybrid catalyst for HER. Furthermore, an optimal HER electrocatalytic activity was obtained by adjusting the doping ratio of Fe atoms. Our current research indicates that the doping of metal is also an important strategy to improve the electrocatalytic activity for the HER

    The overall pooled measure on the relation of BDNF gene rs6265 and rs2030324 polymorphism with AD.

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    a<p>One study about African (Desaia et al)for recessive model was not sufficient to calculated pooled OR.</p>b<p>Seven studies (Hou et al. Akatsu et al. Lee et al. Desaia et al. Matsushita et al. Masataka et al. Bodner et al.) for recessive model were not sufficient to calculated pooled OR.</p><p>Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; FEM, fixed-effects model; REM, random-effects model.</p><p>rs6265: Codominant model, A vs. G; Dominant model, AA+GA vs. GG; Recessive model, AA vs. GA+GG.</p><p>rs2030324: Codominant model, T vs C; Dominant model, TT+CT vs. CC; Recessive model, TT vs. CT+CC.</p

    Forest plots of relationship between BDNF gene rs6265 polymorphism and AD risk in codominant model (A vs. G) for overall analysis.

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    <p>White diamond donates the pooled OR. Black squares indicate the OR in each study, with square sizes inversely proportional to the standard error of the OR. Horizontal lines represent 95% CIs.</p

    Main characteristics of BDNF gene rs2030324 polymorphism genotype and allele distributions in studies included in this meta-analysis.

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    *<p>The cases of these studies are late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD); Abbreviations: HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. NINCDS-ADRDA, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition); CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease.</p
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