Demographic and aetiological data.

<p>Demographic and aetiological data.</p

Association of clinical signs in the FUO patients (n = 184) with the viruses detected.

<p>Association of clinical signs in the FUO patients (n = 184) with the viruses detected.</p

Distribution of HHVs among different age groups in this study.

<p>Distribution of HHVs among different age groups in this study.</p

Primers(5′-3′) and Targets Used for the Detection of Human Herpes Viruses in the Study.

<p>Primers(5′-3′) and Targets Used for the Detection of Human Herpes Viruses in the Study.</p

Investigating the Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins by Lipid Nanoparticles Using the Chloroalkane Penetration Assay

Protein therapeutics are an expanding area for research and drug development, and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most prominent nonviral vehicles for protein delivery. The most common methods for assessing protein delivery by LNPs include assays that measure the total amount of protein taken up by cells and assays that measure the phenotypic changes associated with protein delivery. However, assays for total cellular uptake include large amounts of protein that are trapped in endosomes or are otherwise nonfunctional. Assays for functional delivery are important, but the readouts are indirect and amplified, limiting the quantitative interpretation. Here, we apply an assay for cytosolic delivery, the chloroalkane penetration assay (CAPA), to measure the cytosolic delivery of a (–30) green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to Cre recombinase (Cre(–30)GFP) fusion protein by LNPs. We compare these data to the data from total cellular uptake and functional delivery assays to provide a richer analysis of uptake and endosomal escape for LNP-mediated protein delivery. We also use CAPA for a screen of a small library of lipidoids, identifying those with a promising ability to deliver Cre(–30)GFP to the cytosol of mammalian cells. With careful controls and optimized conditions, we expect that CAPA will be a useful tool for investigating the rate, efficiency, and mechanisms of LNP-mediated delivery of therapeutic proteins

Light-Triggered Concomitant Enhancement of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Performance and Drug Release Rate of Functionalized Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer Micelles

Polymeric drug nanocarriers integrated with diagnostic and sensing functions are capable of in situ monitoring the biodistribution of chemotherapeutic drugs and imaging/contrasting agents, which enables the establishment of image-guided personalized cancer therapeutic protocols. Responsive multifunctional theranostic nanocarriers possessing external stimuli-tunable drug release rates and imaging signal intensities represent another promising direction in this field. In this work, we fabricated responsive amphiphilic diblock copolymer micelles exhibiting light-triggered hydrophobic–hydrophilic transition within micellar cores and the concomitant enhancement of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast performance and release rate of physically encapsulated hydrophobic drugs. POEGMA-<i>b</i>-P­(NIPAM-<i>co</i>-NBA-<i>co</i>-<i>Gd</i>) diblock copolymer covalently labeled with Gd³⁺ complex (<i>Gd</i>) in the light-responsive block was synthesized at first, where OEGMA, NIPAM, and NBA are oligo­(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate, <i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide, and <i>o</i>-nitrobenzyl acrylate, respectively. The amphiphilic diblock copolymer spontaneously self-assembles in aqueous solution into micellar nanoparticles possessing hydrophobic P­(NIPAM-<i>co</i>-NBA-<i>co</i>-<i>Gd</i>) cores and hydrophilic POEGMA coronas, which can physically encapsulate doxorubicin (Dox) as a model chemotherapeutic drug. Upon UV irradiation, hydrophobic NBA moieties within micellar cores transform into hydrophilic carboxyl derivatives, triggering micelle microstructural changes and core swelling. During this process, the microenvironment surrounding Gd³⁺ complexes was subjected to a transition from being hydrophobic to hydrophilic, leading to the enhancement of MR imaging contrast performance, that is, ∼1.9-fold increase in longitudinal relaxivity (<i>r</i>₁). In addition, the release rate of encapsulated Dox was also enhanced (∼65% of Dox release in 12 h upon UV irradiation versus ∼47% Dox release in 25 h for the control). The reported strategy of light-triggered coenhancement of MR imaging contrast performance and drug release profiles represents a general route to the construction of next generation smart polymeric theranostic nanocarriers

Table_1_Growth of tomato and cucumber seedlings under different light environments and their development after transplanting.docx

Selecting suitable light conditions according to the plant growth characteristics is one of the important approaches to cultivating high-quality vegetable seedlings. To determine the more favorable LED light conditions for producing high-quality tomato and cucumber seedlings in plant factories with artificial light (PFALS), the growth characteristics of tomato and cucumber seedlings under seven LED light environments (CK, B, UV-A, FR, B+UV-A, UV-A+FR, and B+FR) and the development of these seedlings after transplanting into a plastic greenhouse were investigated. The results showed that the seedling height and hypocotyl length increased in treatments with far-red light supplementation (FR, UV-A+FR, and B+FR), but decreased in the B treatment, in both varieties. The seedling index of tomato seedlings increased in the B+UV-A treatment, while that of cucumber seedlings increased in the FR treatment. After transplanting into a plastic greenhouse, tomato plants that radiated with UV-A had greater flower numbers on the 15th day after transplanting. In cucumber plants of the FR treatment, the flowering time was significantly delayed, and the female flower exhibited at a lower node position. By using a comprehensive scoring analysis of all detected indicators, light environments with UV-A and FR were more beneficial for improving the overall quality of tomato and cucumber seedlings, respectively.</p

Additional file 1 of Minocycline and antipsychotics inhibit inflammatory responses in BV-2 microglia activated by LPS via regulating the MAPKs/ JAK-STAT signaling pathway

Supplementary Material 1: The original image of the full gels/blot

Molecular Typing and Epidemiology Profiles of Human Adenovirus Infection among Paediatric Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in China

<div><p>Background</p><p>Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been recognised as pathogens that cause a broad spectrum of diseases. The studies on HAdV infection among children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) are limited.</p><p>Objective</p><p>To investigate the prevalence, epidemiology, and genotype of HAdV among children with SARI in China.</p><p>Study Design</p><p>Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) or induced sputum (IS) was collected from hospitalised children with SARIs in Beijing (representing Northern China; n = 259) and Zhejiang Province (representing Eastern China; n = 293) from 2007 to 2010. The prevalence of HAdV was screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by sequence typing of PCR fragments that targeted the second half of the hexon gene. In addition, co-infection with other human respiratory viruses, related epidemiological profiles and clinical presentations were investigated.</p><p>Results and Conclusions</p><p>In total, 76 (13.8%) of 552 SARI patients were positive for HAdV, and the infection rates of HAdV in Northern and Eastern China were 20.1% (n = 52) and 8.2% (n = 24), respectively. HAdV co-infection with other respiratory viruses was frequent (infection rates: Northern China, 90.4%; Eastern China, 70.8%). The peak seasons for HAdV-B infection was winter and spring. Additionally, members of multiple species (Human mastadenovirus B, C, D and E) were circulating among paediatric patients with SARI, of which HAdV-B (34/52; 65.4%) and HAdV-C (20/24, 83.3%) were the most predominant in Northern and Eastern China, respectively. These findings provide a benchmark for future epidemiology and prevention strategies for HAdV.</p></div