Association between serum calcium and in-hospital mortality in critical patients with multiple myeloma: a cohort study

Elevated serum calcium levels may serve as a useful clinical biomarker of mortality in patients with multiple myeloma(MM). However, the clinical significance of the relationship between serum calcium levels and in-hospital mortality in MM patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between serum calcium levels and in-hospital mortality in patients with MM in the ICU. Patients with MM were identified from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV(MIMIC-IV) database. The outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis, curve fitting, and threshold effects analysis were used to assess the relationship between serum calcium levels and in-hospital mortality in patients with MM in the ICU. Our study included 262 patients with MM with a mean age of 72.3 ± 11.0 years, 63.4% of whom were male. The in-hospital mortality was 19.5% (51/262). The relationship between serum calcium levels and in-hospital mortality was nonlinear. The effect size on the left and right sides of the inflection point, were 0.270 (HR: 0.270, 95% CI 0.106-0.687, P 0.05) and 2.104 (HR: 2.104, 95% CI 1.069-4.142, P  Our findings show that a nonlinear relationship exists between serum calcium levels and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with MM. A serum calcium level of approximately 8.40 mg/dL was associated with the lowest risk of in-hospital mortality, which increases with rising serum calcium levels, and should be of concern to ICU physicians.</p

Amine-Assisted Simultaneous CO₂ Absorption and Mineral Carbonation: Effect of Different Categories of Amines

The hybrid technology of CO2 capture–mineral carbonation (CCMC) using alkaline streams has emerged in recent years. However, thus far, there has been no comprehensive study revealing the mechanisms of the simultaneous CCMC process regarding the choice of amine types and sensitivity of parameters. Combining with the analysis of multistep reaction mechanisms for different amines, we investigated a representative from each category in CCMC using calcium chloride to simulate the alkaline resource after leaching, i.e., primary (ethanolamine, MEA), secondary (diisopropanolamine, DIPA), tertiary (diethylethanolamine, DEAE), and triamine (diethylenetriamine, DETA), respectively. In the adsorption step, increasing the amine concentration beyond 2 mol/L reduced the absorption efficiency of DEAE due to the hydration mechanism, motivating a rational choice of concentration. In CCMC sections, when the amine concentration increased, only DEAE exhibited an increased carbonation efficiency of up to 100%, while DETA showed the lowest conversion. The carbonation of DEAE demonstrated the least sensitivity to temperature. The crystal transformation experiments suggested that over time, the produced vaterite could completely transform to calcite or aragonite, except those from DETA. Thus, with rationally chosen conditions, DEAE was demonstrated ideal for CCMC. These findings obtained in this work provided a theoretical foundation for designing future CCMC processes

Table_2_Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and Risk of Depression in Patients With or Without Type 2 Diabetes.DOCX

BackgroundDepression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are both serious public health problems, with morbidity and mortality in people increasing year by year, resulting in a heavy economic burden. A correlation between dietary fiber and both has been reported. Nevertheless, few data are available concerning dietary fiber and the risk of depression with or without T2D, which deserve further attention.Materials and MethodsWe assessed the relationship between dietary fiber intake and risk of depression with or without T2D in the 2007–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population. A 24-h dietary review was used to assess fiber intake. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression. Stability of the results was assessed using restricted cubic spline models and logistic regression, as well as sensitivity analyses.ResultsA total of 17,866 adults aged 20 years and older with a mean age of 49.3 ± 17.7 years were included in this study, of whom 49.5% were male. After adjusting for covariates, the association of dietary fiber intake with the risk of depression appeared to differ between non-T2D group and T2D group (OR, 0.987; 95% CI, 0.979–0.995 vs. OR, 1.003; 95% CI, 0.988–1.017). Furthermore, when dietary fiber was converted to a categorical variable, there was evidence of interaction between T2D status and fiber intake on decreasing the prevalence of depression (P-value for interaction = 0.015). Sensitivity analysis showed stable results.ConclusionOur findings indicated that whether a patient has T2D may affect the relationship between dietary fiber intake and the risk of depression, which still needs to be confirmed by further randomized controlled trials.</p

Table_1_Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and Risk of Depression in Patients With or Without Type 2 Diabetes.DOCX

BackgroundDepression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are both serious public health problems, with morbidity and mortality in people increasing year by year, resulting in a heavy economic burden. A correlation between dietary fiber and both has been reported. Nevertheless, few data are available concerning dietary fiber and the risk of depression with or without T2D, which deserve further attention.Materials and MethodsWe assessed the relationship between dietary fiber intake and risk of depression with or without T2D in the 2007–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population. A 24-h dietary review was used to assess fiber intake. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression. Stability of the results was assessed using restricted cubic spline models and logistic regression, as well as sensitivity analyses.ResultsA total of 17,866 adults aged 20 years and older with a mean age of 49.3 ± 17.7 years were included in this study, of whom 49.5% were male. After adjusting for covariates, the association of dietary fiber intake with the risk of depression appeared to differ between non-T2D group and T2D group (OR, 0.987; 95% CI, 0.979–0.995 vs. OR, 1.003; 95% CI, 0.988–1.017). Furthermore, when dietary fiber was converted to a categorical variable, there was evidence of interaction between T2D status and fiber intake on decreasing the prevalence of depression (P-value for interaction = 0.015). Sensitivity analysis showed stable results.ConclusionOur findings indicated that whether a patient has T2D may affect the relationship between dietary fiber intake and the risk of depression, which still needs to be confirmed by further randomized controlled trials.</p

Table_1_Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study.docx

BackgroundDepression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are serious public health problems with irreversible health consequences and a significant economic burden on the healthcare system. Previous studies have suggested that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was inversely longitudinally associated with incidence of diabetes and depression in adults, but few well-designed studies have examined the effects of status of T2D on the full range of relationship between BUN and depression.MethodsThe analysis sample consisted of adults aged≥20 years from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ–9), involving 19,005 participants. By stratifying participants according to T2D status, we further assessed the difference between BUN and risk of depression in participants with and without T2D using multivariate logistic regression (interaction test).ResultsIn this cross-sectional study, the association between BUN and depression prevalence appeared to differ between the T2D and non-T2D groups (OR: 1.00, 95% Cl: 0.95-1.05 vs. OR: 0.89, 95% Cl: 0.85-0.93). In addition, there was evidence of an interaction between BUN levels and T2D status in reducing the risk of depression (P value for interaction = 0.032.) The relationship between BUN and depressive symptoms was significant in non-T2D subjects (P ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between BUN and depression, and T2D status may influence the association between BUN and the risk of depression. Such findings require further prospective studies to provide more evidence.</p

Table_2_Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study.docx

BackgroundDepression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are serious public health problems with irreversible health consequences and a significant economic burden on the healthcare system. Previous studies have suggested that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was inversely longitudinally associated with incidence of diabetes and depression in adults, but few well-designed studies have examined the effects of status of T2D on the full range of relationship between BUN and depression.MethodsThe analysis sample consisted of adults aged≥20 years from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ–9), involving 19,005 participants. By stratifying participants according to T2D status, we further assessed the difference between BUN and risk of depression in participants with and without T2D using multivariate logistic regression (interaction test).ResultsIn this cross-sectional study, the association between BUN and depression prevalence appeared to differ between the T2D and non-T2D groups (OR: 1.00, 95% Cl: 0.95-1.05 vs. OR: 0.89, 95% Cl: 0.85-0.93). In addition, there was evidence of an interaction between BUN levels and T2D status in reducing the risk of depression (P value for interaction = 0.032.) The relationship between BUN and depressive symptoms was significant in non-T2D subjects (P ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between BUN and depression, and T2D status may influence the association between BUN and the risk of depression. Such findings require further prospective studies to provide more evidence.</p

Table_1_Association of serum alkaline phosphatase and depression in US adults: a population-based cross-sectional study.DOCX

BackgroundDepression, a serious public health disorder, is increasingly prevalent worldwide. An association between alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and neurological disorders has been reported. However, data on ALP and depression risk are scarce, which warrants attention.MethodsWe assessed the association between ALP and risk of depression in adults from the 2007–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the association between ALP and risk of depression, and subgroup analyses were also performed.ResultsA total of 17,485 participants were included. The prevalence of depression was 9.3% (1,631/17,485) and ALP was significantly associated with the risk of depression when ALP was a categorical variable (quadratic or categorized by 79 U/L) in a multivariate logistic regression model after adjusting for confounding factors (≥79 U/L vs. 2) was associated with a 20% increase in depression prevalence (adjusted OR, 1.20; 95%CI, 1.06–1.36) when ALP was used as a continuous variable. Subgroup analysis showed that ALP was positively associated with the risk of depression with different characteristics.ConclusionOur findings suggest that higher alkaline phosphatase levels, even within the normal range, are significantly associated with a higher risk of depression in US adults. Such findings require further prospective studies to provide more evidence.</p

Understanding the Role of Water in Different Solid Forms of Avibactam Sodium and Its Affecting Mechanism

Hydrates are common in pharmaceutical development, and the formation of hydrates affects the performance of the final product. However, the role that water plays in crystal packing remains unclear. In this study, Avibactam sodium, which has one dihydrate (Form E), one monohydrate (Form A), and two anhydrous forms (Form B and D), was chosen as the model compound to understand this subject. Single crystal structures of four solid forms were obtained and characterized by single X-ray diffraction. The dynamic vapor sorption experiments revealed the moisture-dependent stability increased in the order: Form B < Form D < Form A < Form E. It can be envisaged that the integration of water molecules could noticeably compensate the potential intermolecular interactions, thereby significantly improving the crystal stabilities of hydrates. Furthermore, the hydration of Form B was investigated to understand the integration of water molecules by measuring the critical hydration water activities (aw). The results indicated that both water activities and temperature are vital factors to determine the amount of water molecules existing in crystal lattice. Moreover, to probe the disintegration of water molecules, the dehydration of dihydrate was investigated in detail by solid-state transformation and solvent-mediated transformation experiments. Finally, two-step dehydration and one-step dehydration + recrystallization mechanisms of these different pathways were proposed by analyzing the transformation experiment results and the crystal structure of various solid forms

Recycling the High-Salinity Textile Wastewater by Quercetin-Based Nanofiltration Membranes with Minimal Water and Energy Consumption

Effective recovery of dyes and salts from textile wastewater by nanofiltration (NF) remains a serious challenge due to the high consumption of water and energy caused by the limited performance of the available membranes. Herein, a novel strategy is described to prepare loose polyester NF membranes by using renewable quercetin as the aqueous monomer for fractionation of high salinity textile wastewater with minimal water and energy consumption. Compared with NF270, taken as the reference membrane, the QE-0.2/TMC-0.2 membrane significantly improved the efficiency for dye/salt fractionation by 288%. The water consumption was also decreased by 42.9%. The efficiency is attributed to an ultrahigh water permeance of 198 ± 2.1 L–1 m–2 h–1 bar–1 with a high selectivity of 123 (extremely low NaCl rejection of 1.6% and high Congo red rejection of 99.2%). The optimal quercetin-based membrane had an ultrathin separation layer of about 39 ± 1.2 nm with good hydrophilicity and negative charge density. Moreover, this work includes a novel method of comparison with a theoretically ideal membrane, which shows that both the energy and water consumption are near their theoretical minimum. This strategy is expected to save energy and minimize carbon emissions for membrane-based wastewater treatment systems

Additional file 6 of Comprehensive analysis of m6A regulators characterized by the immune microenvironment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Additional file 6: Figure S6. The correlation between m6A regulators and HLA genes in DMD. A Heatmap showing the correlations between HLA genes and m6A regulators. B The relationship between HLA-DOB and ZCCHC4. C The relationship between HLA-DOA and HNRNPA2B1. The expression levels of genes are presented by a box plot on the right panel of B and C. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; ns, no significance