Risk of failure to thrive at different corrected ages by small gestational age or extra-uterine growth retardation < 3% and < 10% at discharge.

Risk of failure to thrive at different corrected ages by small gestational age or extra-uterine growth retardation < 3% and < 10% at discharge.</p

Risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcome by failure to thrive at different corrected ages (uncontrolled analysis).

Risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcome by failure to thrive at different corrected ages (uncontrolled analysis).</p

The proportions of neurodevelopmental outcomes of the enrolled infants at age of 24 months.

<p>12.9% children had a low MDI score (MDI<70), 17.8% children had a low PDI score (PDI<70), 12.7% children had CP, and 29.5% children had NDI.</p

Post-discharge body weight and neurodevelopmental outcomes among very low birth weight infants in Taiwan: A nationwide cohort study

<div><p>Background</p><p>Premature infants are at high risk for developmental delay and cognitive dysfunction. Besides medical conditions, growth restriction is regarded as an important risk factor for cognitive and neurodevelopmental dysfunction throughout childhood and adolescence and even into adulthood. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between post-discharge body weight and psychomotor development using a nationwide dataset.</p><p>Materials and methods</p><p>This was a nationwide cohort study conducted in Taiwan. Total of 1791 premature infants born between 2007 and 2011 with a birth weight of less than 1500 g were enrolled into this multi-center study. The data were obtained from the Taiwan Premature Infant Developmental Collaborative Study Group. The growth and neurodevelopmental evaluations were performed at corrected ages of 6, 12 and 24 months. Post-discharge failure to thrive was defined as a body weight below the 3rd percentile of the standard growth curve for Taiwanese children by the corrected age.</p><p>Results</p><p>The prevalence of failure to thrive was 15.8%, 16.9%, and 12.0% at corrected ages of 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. At corrected ages of 24 months, 12.9% had low Mental Developmental Index (MDI) scores (MDI<70), 17.8% had low Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) scores (PDI<70), 12.7% had cerebral palsy, and 29.5% had neurodevelopmental impairment. Post-discharge failure to thrive was significantly associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. After controlling for potential confounding factors (small for gestational age, extra-uterine growth retardation at discharge, cerebral palsy, gender, mild intraventricular hemorrhage, persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn, respiratory distress syndrome, chronic lung disease, hemodynamic significant patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, surfactant use and indomethacin use), post-discharge failure to thrive remained a risk factor.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>This observational study observed the association between lower body weight at corrected age of 6, 12, and 24 months and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes among VLBW premature infants. There are many adverse factors which can influence the neurodevelopment in NICU care. More studies are needed to elucidate the causal relationship.</p></div

Odds ratios of post-discharge failure to thrive for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes after adjusting for small for gestational age and extra-uterine growth retardation.

<p>X-axis showed the six difficult outcomes at corrected age of 24 months, and Y-axis showed the odds ratios. ● stands for FTT at corrected age of 6 months, ▲ stands for FTT at corrected age of 12 months, and ■ stands for FTT at corrected age of 24 months. The 95% Confidence interval was presented after the odds ratio.</p

Demographic data.

<p>Demographic data.</p

Risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes by failure to thrive at corrected age of 24 months.

<p>Risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes by failure to thrive at corrected age of 24 months.</p

Odds ratios of post-discharge failure to thrive for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes after adjusting for all potential confounding factors.

<p>X-axis showed the six difficult outcomes at corrected age of 24 months, and Y-axis showed the odds ratios. ● stands for FTT at corrected age of 6 months, ▲ stands for FTT at corrected age of 12 months, and ■ stands for FTT at corrected age of 24 months. The 95% Confidence interval was presented after the odds ratio.</p

Relationship between daily protein intake and body weight gain: Results from a generalized estimating equation.

Relationship between daily protein intake and body weight gain: Results from a generalized estimating equation.</p

Demographic data.

Demographic data.</p