Multilayer plasma patterns in paralleled and coupled atmospheric glow discharges

We report observations of multilayer plasma patterns in multiple atmospheric glow discharges sustained simultaneously with a single power supply. Depending on operation conditions, these atmospheric glow plasmas either operate in parallel, seemingly independent of one another, or undergo structural coupling. In both scenarios, multilayer structures are observed. These selforganized plasma patterns are stable and their presence remains even when individual atmospheric glow plasmas couple with one another

Multilayer plasma patterns in atmospheric pressure glow discharges

We report observation of self-organized multilayer plasma patterns formed along the length of an atmospheric pressure glow discharge generated over a wide frequency range from 10–100 kHz

Low power auto selective regeneration of monolithic wall flow diesel particulate filters

This paper presents research into a novel autoselective electric discharge method for regenerating monolithic wall flow diesel particulate filters using low power over the entire range of temperatures and oxygen concentrations experienced within the exhaust systems of modern diesel engines. The ability to regenerate the filter independently of exhaust gas temperature and composition significantly reduces system complexity compared to other systems. In addition, the system does not require catalyst loading and uses only massproduced electronic and electrical components, thus reducing the cost of the after-treatment package. Purpose built exhaust gas simulation test rigs were used to evaluate, develop and optimise the autoselective regeneration system. On-engine testing demonstrated the performance of the autoselective regeneration process under real engine conditions. Typical regeneration performance is presented and discussed with the aid of visual observations, particulate mass measurements, back pressure measurements and energy consumption. The research demonstrates the potential of the novel autoselective method for diesel particulate filter regeneration. The autoselective process does not require an exhaust by-pass and enables the system to be low power, catalyst-free and exhaust temperature independent

Friction of Polyaromatic Thiol Monolayers in Adhesive and Nonadhesive Contacts

We have used friction force microscopy to study the effects of adhesion on the boundary friction of self-assembled monolayers of the aromatic compounds thiophenol, p-phenylthiophenol, p-terphenyl thiol, 2-naphthalenethiol, and benzyl mercaptan on gold. To control the adhesion between the monolayer-covered tip and substrate, the friction measurements were made in dry N2 gas or in ethanol. At low loads, low adhesion (in ethanol) resulted in a linear dependence of the friction force on load (i.e., F = μL) whereas higher adhesion between the same monolayers (in N2) gave an apparent area-dependent friction. The friction in the adhesive systems was well described by F = ScA with the contact area, A, calculated for a thin, linearly elastic film confined between rigid substrates using the thin-coating contact mechanics (TCCM) model in a transition regime between its DMT- and JKR-like limits. With increasing packing density of the monolayers, a systematic decrease was found in the friction coefficient (μ) obtained in ethanol and the critical shear stress (Sc) obtained in N2. To describe these aromatic monolayers with the extended TCCM model, a higher Young's modulus was neeeded than for fatty acid monolayers of similar packing density

sj-docx-1-jdr-10.1177_00220345211031446 – Supplemental material for Response to Letter to the Editor, “3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Reinforced Hydrogel as an Artificial TMJ Disc”

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jdr-10.1177_00220345211031446 for Response to Letter to the Editor, “3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Reinforced Hydrogel as an Artificial TMJ Disc” by N. Jiang, Y. Yang and S. Zhu in Journal of Dental Research</p

Cataract Surgery in African Americans with long anterior lens Zonules.

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Additional file 1: of Examining the spatiotemporal evolution of vaccine refusal: nonmedical exemptions from vaccination in California, 2000–2013

Additional results from the neighborhood definition and grouping analysis. (DOCX 78 kb

Additional file 1 of Healthcare utilisation for elderly people at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea

Additional file 1: Table S1. Estimated regression results of single ITSA (cardiovascular diseases and stroke). Table S2. Estimated regression results of single ITSA (dementia and musculoskeletal disorder). Figure S1. Graphical Representation of Single ITSA (Cardiovascular diseases, Stroke, Dementia, and Musculoskeletal disorders) . Table S3. Estimated regression results of single ITSA for the elderly aged 85 and older. Figure S2. Presentation of single ITSA for the elderly aged 85 and older (chronic diseases, AURIs, and influenza)

Patterns of entropy production during microstructural evolution.

(a) Temporal pattern. The black, blue and red curves show the evolution of macroscopic porosity, percolative entropy and reactive entropy production rate. The three stages of structure development are colour-shaded: yellow–induction; green–breakthrough; blue–stabilisation. Five representative instants are chosen from the timeline (marked by yellow vertical lines in a) and visualised in (b). (b) Spatial patterns–porosity distribution (grey, first row), percolative entropy (yellow-blue, second row) and reactive entropy (red-black, third row). The 3D perspective views are isosurface drawn at a handpicked value of the corresponding quantity. The rectangular and square images (sheets above and below each three-dimensional figure) are cross sections of the corresponding quantities at the middle of the radial and the axial directions (indicated by semi-transparent boxes imposed on the perspective views). The colour bars indicate the dimensionless, numerical values of the corresponding quantity. The pattern of percolative entropy generation inverses after breakthrough because of fluid channelling. The spatial patterns of reactive entropy visualise the dissolving regions in the pore structure.</p

A Cleaner Process for Selective Recovery of Valuable Metals from Electronic Waste of Complex Mixtures of End-of-Life Electronic Products

In recent years, recovery of metals from electronic waste within the European Union has become increasingly important due to potential supply risk of strategic raw material and environmental concerns. Electronic waste, especially a mixture of end-of-life electronic products from a variety of sources, is of inherently high complexity in composition, phase, and physiochemical properties. In this research, a closed-loop hydrometallurgical process was developed to recover valuable metals, i.e., copper and precious metals, from an industrially processed information and communication technology waste. A two-stage leaching design of this process was adopted in order to selectively extract copper and enrich precious metals. It was found that the recovery efficiency and extraction selectivity of copper both reached more than 95% by using ammonia-based leaching solutions. A new electrodeposition process has been proven feasible with 90% current efficiency during copper recovery, and the copper purity can reach 99.8 wt %. The residue from the first-stage leaching was screened into coarse and fine fractions. The coarse fraction was returned to be releached for further copper recovery. The fine fraction was treated in the second-stage leaching using sulfuric acid to further concentrate precious metals, which could achieve a 100% increase in their concentrations in the residue with negligible loss into the leaching solution. By a combination of different leaching steps and proper physical separation of light materials, this process can achieve closed-loop recycling of the waste with significant efficiency