Multiple charge beam dynamics in Alternate Phase Focusing structure

Asymmetrical Alternate Phase (A-APF) focusing realized in a sequence of 36 Superconducting Quarter Wave Resonators has been shown to accelerate almost 81 % of input Uranium beam before foil stripper to an energy of 6.2 MeV/u from 1.3 MeV/u. Ten charge states from 34+ to 43+ could be simultaneously accelerated with the phase of resonators tuned for 34+. A-APF structure showed unique nature of large potential bucket for charge states higher than that of tuned one. Steering inherent to QWRs can be mitigated by selecting appropriate phase variation of the APF periods and optimization of solenoid field strengths placed in each of the periods. This mitigation facilitates multiple charge state acceleration schemeComment: 10 pages, 8 figure

BeamOptics: a Symbolic Platform for Modeling and the Solution of Beam Optics System

BeamOptics [1] is a Mathematica-based computing platform devoted to the following objectives; · Structured representation and manipulation of particle beam optics systems with symbolic capabilities, · Analytical and numerical modeling of beam optics system behaviors, · Solution to specific beam optical or general accelerator system problems, in algebraic form in certain cases, through customized algorithms. Taking advantage of and conforming to the highly formal and self-contained structure of Mathematica, BeamOptics provides a unique platform for developing accelerator design and analysis programs. The feature of symbolic computation and the ability to manipulate the beam optics system at the programming language level enable the user to solve or optimize his system with considerably more efficiency, rigour and insight than can be easily achieved with passive modeling or numerical simulation methods. BeamOptics is developed with continuous evolution in mind. New features and algorithms from diverse sources can be incorporated without major modification, due to its formal and generic structure. In this report, a survey is given of the basic structure and methodology of BeamOptics, as well as a demonstration of some of its more specialized applications, and possible direction of evolution

Intact sublimation of silicon nanocrystals evidenced via HREM imaging and EELS in a dedicated STEM

Silicon nano crystals (NCs) have attracted considerable interest for possible uses in optoelectronics 1 As the particle size decreases the properties of NCs become increasingly sensitive to the surface termination. 2, 3 Monolayer chemistries 4-10 have been exploited to control the physicochemical properties. NCs are often prepared by vapour-phase deposition techniques; using these they can be conveniently analysed via gas phase analysis techniques, such as mass spectrometry. This cannot be employed, however, if NCs are not synthesized in the gas phase. Here we present a STEM study of undecyl-capped SiNCs, evaporated intact upon heating in ultrahigh vacuum at 200°C and collected on a variety of solid substrates, including carbon-coated TEM grids. The BF- and HAADF lattice images confirm that the particles have a crystalline core with Si-lattice spacings. The presence of Si in the core is also confirmed by Si-L edge EELS, which reveals furthermore the presence of a surface oxide. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd

Two-Way Training for Discriminatory Channel Estimation in Wireless MIMO Systems

This work examines the use of two-way training to efficiently discriminate the channel estimation performances at a legitimate receiver (LR) and an unauthorized receiver (UR) in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless system. This work improves upon the original discriminatory channel estimation (DCE) scheme proposed by Chang et al where multiple stages of feedback and retraining were used. While most studies on physical layer secrecy are under the information-theoretic framework and focus directly on the data transmission phase, studies on DCE focus on the training phase and aim to provide a practical signal processing technique to discriminate between the channel estimation performances at LR and UR. A key feature of DCE designs is the insertion of artificial noise (AN) in the training signal to degrade the channel estimation performance at UR. To do so, AN must be placed in a carefully chosen subspace based on the transmitter's knowledge of LR's channel in order to minimize its effect on LR. In this paper, we adopt the idea of two-way training that allows both the transmitter and LR to send training signals to facilitate channel estimation at both ends. Both reciprocal and non-reciprocal channels are considered and a two-way DCE scheme is proposed for each scenario. {For mathematical tractability, we assume that all terminals employ the linear minimum mean square error criterion for channel estimation. Based on the mean square error (MSE) of the channel estimates at all terminals,} we formulate and solve an optimization problem where the optimal power allocation between the training signal and AN is found by minimizing the MSE of LR's channel estimate subject to a constraint on the MSE achievable at UR. Numerical results show that the proposed DCE schemes can effectively discriminate between the channel estimation and hence the data detection performances at LR and UR.Comment: 1

A Pacific Ocean general circulation model for satellite data assimilation

A tropical Pacific Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) to be used in satellite data assimilation studies is described. The transfer of the OGCM from a CYBER-205 at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory to a CRAY-2 at NASA's Ames Research Center is documented. Two 3-year model integrations from identical initial conditions but performed on those two computers are compared. The model simulations are very similar to each other, as expected, but the simulations performed with the higher-precision CRAY-2 is smoother than that with the lower-precision CYBER-205. The CYBER-205 and CRAY-2 use 32 and 64-bit mantissa arithmetic, respectively. The major features of the oceanic circulation in the tropical Pacific, namely the North Equatorial Current, the North Equatorial Countercurrent, the South Equatorial Current, and the Equatorial Undercurrent, are realistically produced and their seasonal cycles are described. The OGCM provides a powerful tool for study of tropical oceans and for the assimilation of satellite altimetry data