Editor\u27s Notes, Chiba Medical Journal 90-1

Multiple sequence alignment of deduced amino acid sequences of 25 wheat annexin genes with rice annexin OsAnn2 (Os05g31760) obtained by ClustalW. (PDF 212 kb

Selenium Application Enhances the Accumulation of Flavones and Anthocyanins in Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Grains

Selenium (Se) biofortification in wheat reduces the risk of Se deficiency in humans. Se biofortification increases the concentration of Se and anthocyanins in wheat grains. However, it is unknown whether Se biofortification can enhance flavonoids other than anthocyanins and the mechanism underlying flavonoid accumulation in wheat grains. Here, foliar application of selenite solution in wheat was conducted 10 days after flowering. Metabolite profiling and transcriptome sequencing were performed in Se-treated grains. A significant increase in the total contents of Se, anthocyanins, and flavonoids was observed in Se-treated mature grains. Twenty-seven significantly increased flavonoids were identified in Se-treated immature grains. The significant accumulation of flavones (tricin, tricin derivatives, and chrysoeriol derivatives) was detected, and six anthocyanins, dihydroquercetin (the precursor for anthocyanin biosynthesis) and catechins were also increased. Integrated analysis of metabolites and transcriptome revealed that Se application enhanced the biosynthesis of flavones, dihydroquercetin, anthocyanins, and catechins by increasing the expression levels of seven key structural genes in flavonoid biosynthesis (two TaF3Hs, two TaDFRs, one TaF3′5′H, one TaOMT, and one TaANR). Our findings shed new light on the molecular mechanism underlying the enhancement in flavonoid accumulation by Se supplementation and pave the way for further enhancing the nutritional value of wheat grains

Selenium Application Enhances the Accumulation of Flavones and Anthocyanins in Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Grains

Selenium (Se) biofortification in wheat reduces the risk of Se deficiency in humans. Se biofortification increases the concentration of Se and anthocyanins in wheat grains. However, it is unknown whether Se biofortification can enhance flavonoids other than anthocyanins and the mechanism underlying flavonoid accumulation in wheat grains. Here, foliar application of selenite solution in wheat was conducted 10 days after flowering. Metabolite profiling and transcriptome sequencing were performed in Se-treated grains. A significant increase in the total contents of Se, anthocyanins, and flavonoids was observed in Se-treated mature grains. Twenty-seven significantly increased flavonoids were identified in Se-treated immature grains. The significant accumulation of flavones (tricin, tricin derivatives, and chrysoeriol derivatives) was detected, and six anthocyanins, dihydroquercetin (the precursor for anthocyanin biosynthesis) and catechins were also increased. Integrated analysis of metabolites and transcriptome revealed that Se application enhanced the biosynthesis of flavones, dihydroquercetin, anthocyanins, and catechins by increasing the expression levels of seven key structural genes in flavonoid biosynthesis (two TaF3Hs, two TaDFRs, one TaF3′5′H, one TaOMT, and one TaANR). Our findings shed new light on the molecular mechanism underlying the enhancement in flavonoid accumulation by Se supplementation and pave the way for further enhancing the nutritional value of wheat grains

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Information on annexin sequences identified in the T.aestivum, T.urartu, A.tauschii and H.vulgare. (PDF 40 kb

Additional file 12: Figure S6. of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Expression of TaAnn10 and TaCDPK15 in male sterile line BS366 under sterile and fertile condition. (PDF 129 kb

Additional file 11: Table S6. of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Putative cis-elements in the 2 kb upstream promoter region of translation start site in wheat annexin genes. (PDF 13 kb

Additional file 9: Figure S4. of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Sequence aligment and logos of four annexin domains in the dicots and monocots. (PDF 1110 kb

Additional file 13: of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Full set of annexin sequences from wheat (T. aestivum), barely (H.vulgare), T.urartu and A.tauschii. (PDF 208 kb

Additional file 5: Figure S2. of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Phylogenetic analysis and predicted structure of annexin proteins of 9 monocots plant and 7 discots plant. (PDF 484 kb

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Description of T.aestivum, T.urartu, A.tauschii and H.vulgare annexin genes. (PDF 46 kb