Population indicator system.

Key to regional sustainable development are the development and interplay of population dynamics and social welfare, each playing a significant role. As a representative region with demographic characteristics such as negative population growth and large labor outflow, the development and interaction between population and social welfare in Nanchong deserve in-depth exploration. This article takes the development of population and social welfare in Nanchong as the research object, and constructs an evaluation indicator system of population and social welfare through research backtracking, and uses entropy method and coupling coordination model to measure the development level and interactive effect of population and social welfare in Nanchong from 2010 to 2021. The research results show that: Firstly, the comprehensive evaluation results of population in Nanchong shows a linear upward trend, which indicates the stable positive effect of population structure and distribution, the gradual improvement effect of population quality effectively compensate for the weakening effect of population quantity, thus achieving the positive development of population. Secondly, the comprehensive evaluation results of social welfare in Nanchong shows an exponential upward trend, which indicates the social welfare has maintained a rapid growth momentum in various dimensions and the long-term positive effects have completely absorbed the negative effects, thus achieving the positive development of social welfare. Thirdly, during the sample period, the population and social welfare in Nanchong consistently maintained a high level of interaction strength, with factors diffusing and integrating. On this basis, the diffusion theory is used as an empirical reference to construct three interactive mechanisms between the population and social welfare in Nanchong and the implications are inferred from the empirical results.</div

Interaction mechanism between population and social welfare in Nanchong.

Interaction mechanism between population and social welfare in Nanchong.</p

Coupling coordination results between population and social welfare in Nanchong.

Coupling coordination results between population and social welfare in Nanchong.</p

Population evaluation results in Nanchong.

Key to regional sustainable development are the development and interplay of population dynamics and social welfare, each playing a significant role. As a representative region with demographic characteristics such as negative population growth and large labor outflow, the development and interaction between population and social welfare in Nanchong deserve in-depth exploration. This article takes the development of population and social welfare in Nanchong as the research object, and constructs an evaluation indicator system of population and social welfare through research backtracking, and uses entropy method and coupling coordination model to measure the development level and interactive effect of population and social welfare in Nanchong from 2010 to 2021. The research results show that: Firstly, the comprehensive evaluation results of population in Nanchong shows a linear upward trend, which indicates the stable positive effect of population structure and distribution, the gradual improvement effect of population quality effectively compensate for the weakening effect of population quantity, thus achieving the positive development of population. Secondly, the comprehensive evaluation results of social welfare in Nanchong shows an exponential upward trend, which indicates the social welfare has maintained a rapid growth momentum in various dimensions and the long-term positive effects have completely absorbed the negative effects, thus achieving the positive development of social welfare. Thirdly, during the sample period, the population and social welfare in Nanchong consistently maintained a high level of interaction strength, with factors diffusing and integrating. On this basis, the diffusion theory is used as an empirical reference to construct three interactive mechanisms between the population and social welfare in Nanchong and the implications are inferred from the empirical results.</div

Coupling coordination results between population and social welfare in Nanchong.

Coupling coordination results between population and social welfare in Nanchong.</p

Social welfare indicator system.

Key to regional sustainable development are the development and interplay of population dynamics and social welfare, each playing a significant role. As a representative region with demographic characteristics such as negative population growth and large labor outflow, the development and interaction between population and social welfare in Nanchong deserve in-depth exploration. This article takes the development of population and social welfare in Nanchong as the research object, and constructs an evaluation indicator system of population and social welfare through research backtracking, and uses entropy method and coupling coordination model to measure the development level and interactive effect of population and social welfare in Nanchong from 2010 to 2021. The research results show that: Firstly, the comprehensive evaluation results of population in Nanchong shows a linear upward trend, which indicates the stable positive effect of population structure and distribution, the gradual improvement effect of population quality effectively compensate for the weakening effect of population quantity, thus achieving the positive development of population. Secondly, the comprehensive evaluation results of social welfare in Nanchong shows an exponential upward trend, which indicates the social welfare has maintained a rapid growth momentum in various dimensions and the long-term positive effects have completely absorbed the negative effects, thus achieving the positive development of social welfare. Thirdly, during the sample period, the population and social welfare in Nanchong consistently maintained a high level of interaction strength, with factors diffusing and integrating. On this basis, the diffusion theory is used as an empirical reference to construct three interactive mechanisms between the population and social welfare in Nanchong and the implications are inferred from the empirical results.</div

Method selection standard and applicability.

Key to regional sustainable development are the development and interplay of population dynamics and social welfare, each playing a significant role. As a representative region with demographic characteristics such as negative population growth and large labor outflow, the development and interaction between population and social welfare in Nanchong deserve in-depth exploration. This article takes the development of population and social welfare in Nanchong as the research object, and constructs an evaluation indicator system of population and social welfare through research backtracking, and uses entropy method and coupling coordination model to measure the development level and interactive effect of population and social welfare in Nanchong from 2010 to 2021. The research results show that: Firstly, the comprehensive evaluation results of population in Nanchong shows a linear upward trend, which indicates the stable positive effect of population structure and distribution, the gradual improvement effect of population quality effectively compensate for the weakening effect of population quantity, thus achieving the positive development of population. Secondly, the comprehensive evaluation results of social welfare in Nanchong shows an exponential upward trend, which indicates the social welfare has maintained a rapid growth momentum in various dimensions and the long-term positive effects have completely absorbed the negative effects, thus achieving the positive development of social welfare. Thirdly, during the sample period, the population and social welfare in Nanchong consistently maintained a high level of interaction strength, with factors diffusing and integrating. On this basis, the diffusion theory is used as an empirical reference to construct three interactive mechanisms between the population and social welfare in Nanchong and the implications are inferred from the empirical results.</div

Social welfare evaluation results in Nanchong.

Key to regional sustainable development are the development and interplay of population dynamics and social welfare, each playing a significant role. As a representative region with demographic characteristics such as negative population growth and large labor outflow, the development and interaction between population and social welfare in Nanchong deserve in-depth exploration. This article takes the development of population and social welfare in Nanchong as the research object, and constructs an evaluation indicator system of population and social welfare through research backtracking, and uses entropy method and coupling coordination model to measure the development level and interactive effect of population and social welfare in Nanchong from 2010 to 2021. The research results show that: Firstly, the comprehensive evaluation results of population in Nanchong shows a linear upward trend, which indicates the stable positive effect of population structure and distribution, the gradual improvement effect of population quality effectively compensate for the weakening effect of population quantity, thus achieving the positive development of population. Secondly, the comprehensive evaluation results of social welfare in Nanchong shows an exponential upward trend, which indicates the social welfare has maintained a rapid growth momentum in various dimensions and the long-term positive effects have completely absorbed the negative effects, thus achieving the positive development of social welfare. Thirdly, during the sample period, the population and social welfare in Nanchong consistently maintained a high level of interaction strength, with factors diffusing and integrating. On this basis, the diffusion theory is used as an empirical reference to construct three interactive mechanisms between the population and social welfare in Nanchong and the implications are inferred from the empirical results.</div

S1 Data -

Key to regional sustainable development are the development and interplay of population dynamics and social welfare, each playing a significant role. As a representative region with demographic characteristics such as negative population growth and large labor outflow, the development and interaction between population and social welfare in Nanchong deserve in-depth exploration. This article takes the development of population and social welfare in Nanchong as the research object, and constructs an evaluation indicator system of population and social welfare through research backtracking, and uses entropy method and coupling coordination model to measure the development level and interactive effect of population and social welfare in Nanchong from 2010 to 2021. The research results show that: Firstly, the comprehensive evaluation results of population in Nanchong shows a linear upward trend, which indicates the stable positive effect of population structure and distribution, the gradual improvement effect of population quality effectively compensate for the weakening effect of population quantity, thus achieving the positive development of population. Secondly, the comprehensive evaluation results of social welfare in Nanchong shows an exponential upward trend, which indicates the social welfare has maintained a rapid growth momentum in various dimensions and the long-term positive effects have completely absorbed the negative effects, thus achieving the positive development of social welfare. Thirdly, during the sample period, the population and social welfare in Nanchong consistently maintained a high level of interaction strength, with factors diffusing and integrating. On this basis, the diffusion theory is used as an empirical reference to construct three interactive mechanisms between the population and social welfare in Nanchong and the implications are inferred from the empirical results.</div

Protective effects of low temperature on the risk of hospitalization for mental and behavioral disorders: a time series study

The high incidence of mental illness worldwide is a substantial economic burden on society. Temperature and the occurrence of mental and behavioral disorders (MDs) seem to have a relationship, but this has not been widely researched. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of temperature on the hospitalization rate of patients with MDs in a temperate monsoon climate region of northern China. Patients with MDs hospitalized in the Mental Health Center of Hebei Medical University and Psychology Department in The third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, China, from January 2014 to December 2019 were included in the study. The delayed exposure – response relationship between temperature and the number of hospitalized MDs patients was analyzed using a quasi-Poisson generalized additive model combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model. With the reference of 15.3°C (temperature with the minimum hospitalizations), the single lag effect of low temperature (−2°C, 10th percentile) increased the hospitalization of patients with MDs, while the cumulative effect decreased the risk of hospitalization for some MD subtypes; it was an acute protective effect. The single and cumulative lag effect of high temperature statistically increased the hospitalization rates of patients with MDs. The optimum temperature for each subtype was different, and the males and the younger age group were more susceptible to high temperatures. Low temperature has an acute protective effect on the hospitalization of patients with MDs. In comparison, high temperature increases hospitalization rates. Men and younger people are more affected by temperature, which provides early warning and health intervention measures for patients with corresponding temperature changes.</p