Data_Sheet_1_Litter Decomposition of Imperata cylindrica in a Copper Tailing Areas With Different Restoration History: Fungal Community Dynamics and Driving Factors.PDF

Microorganisms drive litter decomposition while maintaining the chemical cycle of ecosystems. We used the dominant vegetation (Imperata cylindrica) in the mining area selected for this study for this experiment to explore fungal community characteristics, key fungal groups, and their associative driving factors during I. cylindrica litter decomposition. Maximum litter C/N values occurred 100days after the commencement of the decomposition experiment during all different recovery years in this copper tailings area. Heavy metals in litter [copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), plumbum (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)] accumulated gradually with decomposition. The dominant fungal phyla observed in the community were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, while the classes Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes significantly increased as litter decomposition progressed. Degrees of connectivity and interaction between fungal communities were highest during the early litter decomposition stage. Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Leotiomycetes all played critical roles in maintaining fungal community relationships. The effect of physicochemical properties and enzyme activities in I. cylindrica litter was significant on the dominant fungi, while driving factors that affected fungal communities differed over different recovery stages. Total nitrogen (TN), heavy metals, pH, and enzyme activities in the little were significantly correlated with fungal community composition. Litter properties throughout the litter decomposition process mainly affected the dynamics of the fungal community structure. The main environmental factors that affected fungal community structure were copper content and pH. Dichotomopilus, Trichoderma, Knufia, Phialophora, Oxyporus, and Monocillium, which all played important roles in litter decomposition, positively correlated with heavy metals, sucrase, and catalase. Finally, results from this study will help us better clarify litter decomposition mechanisms in degraded ecosystems as well as provide a scientific basis for improving species cycling and nutrient transformation efficiency in mining ecosystems.</p

Effect of EGCG on the expression of copper transporters.

<p>(A) Effect of EGCG on mRNA expression of CTR1, CTR2, ATP7A and ATP7B. After OVCAR3 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of EGCG for 24h, RT-PCR and qPCR were carried out to measure the CTR1 mRNA expression. (B and C) Effect of EGCG on CTR1 protein expression in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells. The cells were treated with 10 μM EGCG for 24 h, then followed by western blot analysis. The bands were quantified with Image J software. (*<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01)</p

Changes of kidney weight and kidney injury indicators in various groups.

<p>Values are presented as mean ± SD. The “n” means mice number.</p><p>* values differ significantly from control (<i>p<0</i>.<i>05</i>)</p><p>Changes of kidney weight and kidney injury indicators in various groups.</p

Effect of knock-down of CTR1 on the sensitivity of cells to cDDP.

<p>(A) Effect of knock-down of CTR1 on the sensitivity of ovary cancer cells to cDDP. OVCAR3 cells were transfected with three company sythetic si-RNAs or siRNA control and the western blost analysis showed si-RNA 3 exhibiting the best effect. After transfected with si-RNA3 or siRNA control, OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells were treated with cDDP at various doses for 48 h and the cell survival fraction was detected by MTT assay. (B) Embryonic kidney HEK-293 cells were tranfected with human CTR1 si-RNA3 or siRNA control. Then the cells were exposed by indicated doses of cDDP for 48 h and the cell survival fraction was detected by MTT assay. (*<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Gradient Diffusion Anisotropic Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogels for Strain Sensors

Recently, because of the unique properties of anisotropic and isotropic structures, there are more research studies on anisotropic hydrogels. We prepared a gradient anisotropic carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel (CMC-Al3+) by directionally diffusing aluminum chloride solution. The orientation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) chains is perpendicular to the direction of aluminum ion diffusion. The degree of cross-linking and orientation gradually decrease along the direction of aluminum ion diffusion. Compared with anisotropic hydrogels prepared by other methods, the hydrogels prepared by directionally diffusing aluminum ion solution have a gradient lamellar structure. Because of the large amount of aluminum ions in CMC-Al3+, the hydrogel shows good sensing performance. CMC-Al3+ is packaged with PVC electrical flame retardant tape to produce a strain sensor used to detect human tiny movements, which can accurately and stably monitor tiny movements. Hydrogel-based strain sensors can be widely used in the fields of human–computer intelligence, human–computer interaction, and wearable devices in the future

Effect of EGCG on the sensitivity of the ovarian cancer to cDDP.

<p>(A) Effect of EGCG on ovary cancer cells survival fraction. OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of EGCG for 24 h, then followed by MTT assay to detect cell the survival fraction. (B) Effect of the combination of EGCG and cDDP on cell survival fraction. The cells were treated with indicated concentration of cDDP alone, or in combination with the EGCG (10 μM, shown as E10), and followed by MTT assay. (C) EGCG in combination with cDDP repressed colony formation. OVCAR3 cells were treated with 10 μM of EGCG alone or in combination of 10 μM of cDDP for 48 h. When the colonies formed two weeks later, colony formation assay was carried out. (D) The combination of EGCG and cDDP on cells apoptosis, Hoechst 33258 staining was used to detect apoptosis caused by the indicated treatments. (*<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01)</p

EGCG inhibits the degredation of CTR1 induced by cDDP.

<p>(A, B) The effect of cDDP on the expression of CTR1 in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells. The cells were treated with 10 μM cDDP for the indicated time and CTR1 protein expression were detected by western blot analysis. (C)The effect of MG132 on the degradation of CTR1. After OVCAR3 cells were pretreated with 5 μM MG132 for 10h, the cells were incubation with 10 μM cDDP for 14 h. Then followed by western blot analysis. (D, E) The effect of EGCG on cDDP-trigged decrease of CTR1. The OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells were treated with/without 10μM EGCG in the presence/absence of 10μMcDDP for 24 h. CTR1 protein expression was detected. The bands were quantified with Image J software. (*<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01)</p

Effects of EGCG on Pt and DNA-Pt adducts accumulation in the cells.

<p>OVCAR3 cells were treated with/without 10μM EGCG and 30 μMcDDP for 4 h, and then followed by ICP-MC assay. (A) Whole-cell Pt accumulation. (B) DNA-Pt adducts accumulation. (**<i>P</i><0.01)</p

EGCG enhances the efficacy of cDDP on tumor responsiveness and attenuates the nephrotoxicity induced by cDDP in vivo.

<p>Four groups (control, EGCG, cDDP and EGCG+cDDP) were set up. Except there were 6 mice in control group, there were 8 mice for each of the other groups. The body weight (A) and the tumor size (A) were measured twice a week. (B) The mRNA expression of the CTR1 in tumor tissues was measured by RT-PCR and real qPCR. (C) The expression of CTR1 in tumor tissue was assessed by western blotting. (D) The expression of CTR1 in kidney tissue was measured by western blotting. The bands were quantified by Image J software. (*P<0.05, **P<0.01)</p

Nucleotide free Ras inhibits PI3KC2β activity.

<p>(A) The <i>in vitro</i> kinase activity of purified PI3KC2β was assayed in the presence of nucleotide-free (nf) Ras or Ras loaded with GTPγS (5 μM, 2.5 μM, and 1 μM). LY294002 (10 μM) was used as a negative control. The radioactive phospholipid products were extracted and eluted on a TLC plate. (B) Nucleotide-free Ras dose dependently inhibits PI3KC2β. LY294002 (10 μM; LY) inhibits PI3KC2β activity while Ras-GTP (5 μM, 2.5 μM, and 1 μM) does not. The graph represents relative kinase activity normalized to PI3KC2β alone ± S.E.M. from 4–6 independent experiments.</p