Data_Sheet_1_RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growth.pdf

The contribution of women to China’s economic growth and development cannot be overemphasized. Women play important social, economic, and productive roles in any economy. China remains one of the countries in the world with severe gender inequality and sex ratio at birth (SRB) imbalance. Severe gender inequality and disenfranchisement of girls with abnormally high sex ratios at birth reflect deep-rooted sexism and adversely affect girls’ development. For China to achieve economic growth, women should not be ignored and marginalized so that they can contribute to the country’s growth, but the sex ratio at birth needs to be lowered because only women can contribute to growth. Thus, this study empirically predicts an asymmetric relationship between gender inequality, sex ratio at birth and economic growth, using NARDL model over the period 1980–2020. The NARDL results show that increases in gender inequality and sex ratio at birth significantly reduce economic growth in both the short and long term, while reductions in gender inequality and sex ratio at birth significantly boost economic growth in both the short and long term. Moreover, the results show the significant contribution of female labor force participation and female education (secondary and higher education) to economic growth. However, infant mortality rate significantly reduced economic growth. Strategically, the study recommends equal opportunities for women in employment, education, health, economics, and politics to reduce gender disparities and thereby promote sustainable economic growth in China. Moreover, policymakers should introduce new population policy to stabilize the sex ratio at birth, thereby promoting China’s long-term economic growth.</p

Data_Sheet_1_An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growth.pdf

The contribution of women to China’s economic growth and development cannot be overemphasized. Women play important social, economic, and productive roles in any economy. China remains one of the countries in the world with severe gender inequality and sex ratio at birth (SRB) imbalance. Severe gender inequality and disenfranchisement of girls with abnormally high sex ratios at birth reflect deep-rooted sexism and adversely affect girls’ development. For China to achieve economic growth, women should not be ignored and marginalized so that they can contribute to the country’s growth, but the sex ratio at birth needs to be lowered because only women can contribute to growth. Thus, this study empirically predicts an asymmetric relationship between gender inequality, sex ratio at birth and economic growth, using NARDL model over the period 1980–2020. The NARDL results show that increases in gender inequality and sex ratio at birth significantly reduce economic growth in both the short and long term, while reductions in gender inequality and sex ratio at birth significantly boost economic growth in both the short and long term. Moreover, the results show the significant contribution of female labor force participation and female education (secondary and higher education) to economic growth. However, infant mortality rate significantly reduced economic growth. Strategically, the study recommends equal opportunities for women in employment, education, health, economics, and politics to reduce gender disparities and thereby promote sustainable economic growth in China. Moreover, policymakers should introduce new population policy to stabilize the sex ratio at birth, thereby promoting China’s long-term economic growth.</p

MODELING OF MULTIPHASE FLOW IN AN AIR-COOLING SYSTEM USING THE CFD-FSCA APPROACH

Abstract The deposition of crystallized ammonium salt particles presents serious damage to the hydrogenation reactor effluent air cooler (REAC) in petrochemical engineering. The correlation technology process was analyzed for predicting the particle deposition situation in air coolers. Moreover, the particle crystallization and deposition were revealed, and a mathematical model for flow field simulation was established by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In addition, the fast search clustering algorithm (FSCA) realized in Matlab software was applied to detect tube anomaly. The relatively greater risk of deposition or blockage in the tube area was detected, and this finding is consistent with the distribution of the surface temperature field in air coolers. Meanwhile, good qualitative agreement was found between the distribution rule of particle deposition rate as simulated by CFD and the situation of opened header box on the spot. Therefore, the combined method of CFD simulation and FSCA detection can be utilized for predicting the condition of particle deposition in the air-cooling systems.</div