Electrolytic lesions of the fasciculus retroflexus.

<p>(a) Intact bilateral fasciculus retroflexus are shown in this panel. (b) Electrolytic lesions caused complete lesions (n = 9; average area proportion >90%). (c) Partial lesions were found in some animals (n = 6; average area proportion >60%). fr, fasciculus retroflexus; ml, medial leminscicus; D3V, dorsal third ventricle; 3V, third ventricle.</p

Effects of single-pulse stimulations of the VTA and the SNpc on the LHb PA neurons.

<p>The recordings of panels a, b and c are from different neurons. (a, b, c left panels) The LHb PA neurons generally exhibited a similar transient cessation in firing in response to the single-pulse VTA stimulation and the single-pulse SNpc stimulation. The left panel c showed an original firing recording for the LHb PA neuron's response to single-pulse stimulations of the VTA. Both the peristimulus time histograms were comprised of 100 consecutive sweeps. Each single stimulus pulse was delivered 100 ms after the onset of each sweep (bin: 1 ms; a, b left panels). (a, b, c right panels) PA neuron firing was increased by the tetanic VTA stimulus and the tetanic SNpc stimulus. The right panel c showed an original firing recording for the LHb PA neuron's response to the tetanic VTA stimulus. Both histograms displayed using a bin of 5 s (a, b right panels). (d) an original firing recording for the LHb PA neuron's response to tail pinch.</p

Effects of the fasciculus retroflexus lesions on LHb PA neuron firing.

<p>(a, b left panels) The bilateral lesions attenuated the rapid inhibitory effect of the single-pulse VTA and SNpc stimulation on the LHb PA neurons. Peristimulus time histograms were compiled from 100 consecutive sweeps and each single stimulus pulse was delivered at 100 ms (bin: 1 ms). (a, b right panels) Firing rates of these pain-activated neurons recorded in the VTA and SNpc stimuli groups were suppressed after the lesions (bin: 5 s).</p

Region-specific characteristic of activated LHb PA neurons to tetanic VTA stimuli.

<p>Due to limited number of the PA neurons which showed suppression in firing, these numbers are added to those present no response to the VTA stimulus during performing the <i>χ</i>² test.</p

Distribution of recorded LHb PA neurons.

<p>Distribution of recorded LHb PA neurons.</p

Comparisons between responses of LHb PA neurons to the single-pulse stimuli of respective dopaminergic structures.

<p>(a) The latency to onset of the cessation induced by the SNpc stimulus is notably longer than that induced by the VTA stimulus. (b) The duration of cessation in firing of PA neurons in response to the SNpc stimuli seems much more marked than the one in response to the VTA stimuli. Black asterisks indicate a significant difference (<i>P</i><0.05). (c, d) Average activity of LHb PA neurons during single-pulse stimulation of the VTA (filled rhombus, n = 17) and the SNpc (open rhombus, n = 20), respectively. Single (<i>P</i><0.005) and double black asterisks (<i>P</i><0.0001) indicate a marked firing suppression compared with baseline (0 ms to 100 ms). Error bars indicate SEM.</p

Additional file 6 of Transcriptomic analysis of Vigna radiata in response to chilling stress and uniconazole application

Additional file 6: Figure S2. Pearsoncorrelation between samples

Additional file 1 of Transcriptomic analysis of Vigna radiata in response to chilling stress and uniconazole application

Additional file 1: Table S1. Selected genes and primers forquantitative qRT–PCR

Additional file 2 of Transcriptomic analysis of Vigna radiata in response to chilling stress and uniconazole application

Additional file 2: Table S2. Effect of uniconazole on DEGs in mungbean leaves under chilling stress at the Rl stage

Relative transcript levels of putative genes after paraquat treatment.

A. Gene transcript levels in susceptible (S) and resistant (R) goosegrass at the indicated times after paraquat treatment. Transcripts were detected by real-time PCR using total RNA extracted from 10-d-old seedlings sprayed with 10/HM paraquat. Error bars represent the SD (n = 3). B. Amplification products of 4 putative genes from goosegrass by RT-PCR. For the M:DL 2000 marker, “-” indicates the negative control. R0, R30, R60, R90, R120, and R180 indicate samples of R goosegrass seedlings taken 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after paraquat treatment, while S0, S30, S60, S90, S120 and S180 indicate samples of S goosegrass seedlings taken 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after paraquat treatment, respectively.</p