Differential gene expression profiles in peripheral blood in Northeast Chinese Han people with acute myocardial infarction

<div><p>Abstract This study aimed to use gene chips to investigate differential gene expression profiles in the occurrence and development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study included 12 AMI patients and 12 healthy individuals. Total mRNA of peripheral bloodwas extracted and reversed-transcribed to cDNA for microarray analysis. After establishing two pools with three subjects each (3 AMI patients and 3 healthy individuals), the remaining samples were used for RT-qPCR to confirm the microarray data. From the microarray results, seven genes were randomly selected for RT-qPCR. RT-qPCR results were analyzed by the 2-ΔΔCt method. Microarray analysis showed that 228 genes were up- regulated and 271 were down-regulated (p ≤ 0.05, |logFC| > 1). Gene ontology showed that these genes belong to 128 cellular components, 521 biological processes, and 151 molecular functions. KEGG pathway analysis showed that these genes are involved in 107 gene pathways. RT-qPCR results for the seven genes showed expression levels consistent with those obtained by microarray. Thus, microarray data could be used to select the pathogenic genes for AMI. Investigating the abnormal expression of these differentially expressed genes might suggest efficient strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AMI.</p></div

Differentially expressed genes between primary hair follicle-dermal papilla cells (PHF-DPCs) and secondary hair follicle-dermal papilla cells (SHF-DPCs) involved in extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathway.

<p>The red color labels genes upregulated in the PHF-DPCs compared with the SHF-DPCs. The green color labels genes downregulated in the PHF-DPCs. The yellow color labels genes that some were upregulated and others were downregulated in the PHF-DPCs.</p

Ectopic expression of HDAC1 and 3 inhibits the differentiation into the mesodermal lineage in EBs.

<p>(<i>A</i>) Bright-field images and alkaline phosphatase staining of ESCs in control, HDAC1-overexpression (HDAC1-OE), and HDAC3-overexpression (HDAC3-OE) ESCs. (<i>B</i>) Western blotting verification and QRT-PCR analysis of the overexpression of HDAC1 and HDAC3 in stable E14 cell lines. GAPDH was used as a loading control. (<i>C</i>) QRT-PCR analysis for the mRNA levels of mesoderm genes in HDAC1-OE ESCs, HDAC3-OE ESCs and control cells during EB differentiation. (<i>D</i>) Western blotting analysis of the Gata4 and α-SMA protein levels in HDAC3-OE ESCs and control cell lines during EB differentiation. (<i>E</i>) Representative immunofluorescence images for the GATA4 expression level in control, HDAC1-OE, and HDAC3-OE cells after 9 days of EB formation. Red, Gata4; blue, Hoechst 33342 for nuclei staining. Data are expressed as means ± SD. Statistical significance was assessed by two-tailed Student's t test. ***, P<0.001; **, P<0.01; *, P<0.05.</p

Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Differences between Primary and Secondary Hair Follicle-derived Dermal Papilla Cells of the Cashmere Goat (<i>Capra hircus</i>)

<div><p>The dermal papilla is thought to establish the character and control the size of hair follicles. Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) have a double coat comprising the primary and secondary hair follicles, which have dramatically different sizes and textures. The Cashmere goat is rapidly becoming a potent model for hair follicle morphogenesis research. In this study, we established two dermal papilla cell lines during the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle from the primary and secondary hair follicles and clarified the similarities and differences in their morphology and growth characteristics. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was used to identify gene expression differences between the two dermal papilla cell lines. Many of the differentially expressed genes are involved in vascularization, ECM-receptor interaction and Wnt/β-catenin/Lef1 signaling pathways, which intimately associated with hair follicle morphogenesis. These findings provide valuable information for research on postnatal morphogenesis of hair follicles.</p></div

Upregulated genes in PHF-DPCs that involved in angiogenesis.

<p>Upregulated genes in PHF-DPCs that involved in angiogenesis.</p

Histone Deacetylase 1 and 3 Regulate the Mesodermal Lineage Commitment of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

<div><p>The important role of histone acetylation alteration has become increasingly recognized in mesodermal lineage differentiation and development. However, the contribution of individual histone deacetylases (HDACs) to mesoderm specification remains poorly understood. In this report, we found that trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDACi), could induce early differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and promote mesodermal lineage differentiation. Further analysis showed that the expression levels of HDAC1 and 3 are decreased gradually during ESCs differentiation. Ectopic expression of HDAC1 or 3 significantly inhibited differentiation into the mesodermal lineage. By contrast, loss of either HDAC1 or 3 enhanced the mesodermal differentiation of ESCs. Additionally, we demonstrated that the activity of HDAC1 and 3 is indeed required for the regulation of mesoderm gene expression. Furthermore, HDAC1 and 3 were found to interact physically with the T-box transcription factor T/Bry, which is critical for mesodermal lineage commitment. These findings indicate a key mechanism for the specific role of HDAC1 and 3 in mammalian mesoderm specification.</p></div

HDAC can repress the transcriptional activity of T/Bry via physical interaction.

<p>(<i>A</i>) HDAC1 and HDAC3 interact with the T-box transcription factor T/Bry. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was performed using control IgG or T/Bry antibody, followed by western blot analysis for HDAC1 and HDAC3. 5% Input (v/v) indicated that the ratio between the loading sample and precipitation is one to twenty. (<i>B</i>) Co-IP was performed using control IgG or HDAC1 antibody, followed by western blot analysis for T/Bry. (<i>C</i>) Co-IP was performed using control IgG or HDAC3 antibody, followed by western blot analysis for T/Bry. (<i>D</i>) HDAC3 does not interact with Gata4. Co-IP was performed using control IgG or HDAC3 antibody, followed by western blot analysis for Gata4. (<i>E</i>) A summary model shows the mechanism of HDACs in regulating the expression of mesodermal genes.</p

Schematic representation of the differentially expressed genes between primary hair follicle-dermal papilla cells (PHF-DPCs) and secondary hair follicle-dermal papilla cells (SHF-DPCs).

<p>Of the 1044 differentially expressed genes, 620 were upregulated (top-left, red) and 424 were downregulated (bottom-right, green) in PHF-DPCs compared with SHF-DPCs.</p

Pearson correlation coefficient^* of differential expression ratios between RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR.

<p>*Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level.</p

Immunocytochemical analysis of cultured dermal papilla cells (DPCs).

<p>Immunocytochemistry of DPCs using anti-α-SMA antibody (green) was performed (A&B) when cells started to exhibit an aggregative growth behavior, while the other two antibodies were performed on monolayer cultured DPCs. Both primary hair follicle-dermal papilla cells (PHF-DPCs) and secondary hair follicle-dermal papilla cells (SHF-DPCs) were positive for α-SMA (green, A & B), Laminin (red, C & D), and Collagen IV (red, E & F). Nuclei in A–F were marked by DAPI staining (blue). Scale bars  = 100 µm.</p