Indium-Containing Visible-Light-Driven (VLD) Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion and Environment Remediation

Indium-containing visible-light-driven (VLD) photocatalysts including indium-containing oxides, indium-containing sulfides, indium-containing hydroxides, and other categories have attracted more attention due to their high catalytic activities for oxidation and reduction ability under visible light irradiation. This chapter will therefore concentrate on indium-containing nano-structured materials that demonstrate useful activity under solar excitation in fields concerned with the elimination of pollutants, partial oxidation and the vaporization of chemical compounds, water splitting, and CO2 reduction processes. The indium-containing photocatalysts can extend the light absorption range and improve the photocatalytic activity by doping, heterogeneous structures, load promoter, and morphology regulation. A number of synthetic and modification techniques for adjusting the band structure to harvest visible light and improve the charge separation in photocatalysis are discussed. In this chapter, preparation, properties, and potential applications of indium-containing nano-structured materials used as photocatalysis will be systematically summarized, which is beneficial for understanding the mechanism and developing the potential applications

Genome-Wide Profiling of Circular RNAs in the Rapidly Growing Shoots of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis).

Circular RNAs, including circular exonic RNAs (circRNA), circular intronic RNAs (ciRNA) and exon-intron circRNAs (EIciRNAs), are a new type of noncoding RNAs. Growing shoots of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) represent an excellent model of fast growth and their circular RNAs have not been studied yet. To understand the potential regulation of circular RNAs, we systematically characterized circular RNAs from eight different developmental stages of rapidly growing shoots. Here, we identified 895 circular RNAs including a subset of mutually inclusive circRNA. These circular RNAs were generated from 759 corresponding parental coding genes involved in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin biosynthetic process. Gene co-expression analysis revealed that hub genes, such as DEFECTIVE IN RNA-DIRECTED DNA METHYLATION 1 (DRD1), MAINTENANCE OF METHYLATION (MOM), dicer-like 3 (DCL3) and ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1), were significantly enriched giving rise to circular RNAs. The expression level of these circular RNAs presented correlation with its linear counterpart according to transcriptome sequencing. Further protoplast transformation experiments indicated that overexpressing circ-bHLH93 generating from transcription factor decreased its linear transcript. Finally, the expression profiles suggested that circular RNAs may have interplay with miRNAs to regulate their cognate linear mRNAs, which was further supported by overexpressing miRNA156 decreasing the transcript of circ-TRF-1 and linear transcripts of TRF-1. Taken together, the overall profile of circular RNAs provided new insight into an unexplored category of long noncoding RNA regulation in moso bamboo

Triphenylphosphine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks and Heterogeneous Rh-P-COFs Catalysts

The synthesis of phosphine-based functional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has attracted great attention recently. Herein, we present two examples of triphenylphosphine-based COFs (termed P-COFs) with well-defined crystalline structures, high specific surface areas, and good thermal stability. Furthermore, rhodium catalysts with these P-COFs as support material show high turnover frequency for the hydroformylation of olefins, as well as excellent recycling performance. This work not only extends the phosphine-based COF family, but also demonstrates their application in immobilizing homogeneous metal-based (e.g., Rh-phosphine) catalysts for application in heterogeneous catalysis

A novel multivariate logistic model for predicting risk factors of failed treatment with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the risk factors for failed treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia (CRAB-VAP) with tigecycline and to establish a predictive model to predict the incidence of failed treatment and the prognosis of CRAB-VAP.MethodsA total of 189 CRAB-VAP patients were included in the safety analysis set from two Grade 3 A national-level hospitals between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022. The risk factors for failed treatment with CRAB-VAP were identified using univariate analysis, multivariate logistic analysis, and an independent nomogram to show the results.ResultsOf the 189 patients, 106 (56.1%) patients were in the successful treatment group, and 83 (43.9%) patients were in the failed treatment group. The multivariate logistic model analysis showed that age (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.07, p = 0.001), yes. of hypoproteinemia (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.20, 4.90, p = 0.013), the daily dose of 200 mg (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.07, 5.00, p = 0.034), yes. of medication within 14 days prior to surgical intervention (OR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.19, 7.44, p = 0.019), and no. of microbial clearance (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.70, p = 0.005) were risk factors for the failure of tigecycline treatment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the AUC area of the prediction model was 0.745 (0.675–0.815), and the decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the model was effective in clinical practice.ConclusionAge, hypoproteinemia, daily dose, medication within 14 days prior to surgical intervention, and microbial clearance are all significant risk factors for failed treatment with CRAB-VAP, with the nomogram model indicating that high age was the most important factor. Because the failure rate of CRAB-VAP treatment with tigecycline was high, this prediction model can help doctors correct or avoid risk factors during clinical treatment

ceRNA crosstalk mediated by ncRNAs is a novel regulatory mechanism in fish sex determination and differentiation

Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are vital regulators of gene networks in mammals. The involvement of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as ceRNA in genotypic sex determination (GSD) and environmental sex determination (ESD) in fish is unknown. The Chinese tongue sole, which has both GSD and ESD mechanisms, was used to map the dynamic expression pattern of ncRNAs and mRNA in gonads during sex determination and differentiation. Transcript expression patterns shift during the sex differentiation phase, and ceRNA modulation occurs through crosstalk of differentially expressed long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and sex-related genes in fish. Of note was the significant up-regulation of a circRNA from the sex-determining gene dmrt1 (circular RNA dmrt1) and a lncRNA, called AMSDT (which stands for associated with male sex differentiation of tongue sole) in Chinese tongue sole testis. These two ncRNAs both share the same miRNA response elements with gsdf, which has an up-regulated expression when they bind to miRNA cse-miR-196 and concurrent down-regulated female sex-related genes to facilitate testis differentiation. This is the first demonstration in fish that ceRNA crosstalk mediated by ncRNAs modulates sexual development and unveils a novel regulatory mechanism for sex determination and differentiation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bio-inspired water-driven electricity generators: From fundamental mechanisms to practical applications

Harvesting water energy in various forms of water motion, such as evaporation, raindrops, river flows, ocean waves, and other, is promising to relieve the global energy crisis and reach the aim of carbon neutrality. However, this highly decentralized and distributed water energy poses a challenge on conventional electromagnetic hydropower technologies that feature centralization and scalization. Recently, this problem has been gradually addressed by the emergence of a myriad of electricity generators that take inspiration from natural living organisms, which have the capability to efficiently process and manage water and energy for survival in the natural competition. Imitating the liquid–solid behaviors manifested in ubiquitous biological processes, these generators allow for the efficient energy conversion from water–solid interaction into the charge transfer or electrical output under natural driving, such as gravity and solar power. However, in spite of the rapid development of the field, a fundamental understanding of these generators and their ability to bridge the gap between the fundamentals and the practical applications remains elusive. In this review, we first introduce the latest progress in the fundamental understanding in bio-inspired electricity generators that allow for efficient harvesting water energy in various forms, ranging from water evaporation, droplet to wave or flow, and then summarize the development of the engineering design of the various bio-inspired electricity generator in the practical applications, including self-powered sensor and wearable electronics. Finally, the prospects and urgent problems, such as how to achieve large-scale electricity generation, are presented