Statistical characteristics of the standard tree-ring width chronology for each study site.

<p>Statistical characteristics of the standard tree-ring width chronology for each study site.</p

Box plot of the correlation coefficients between the climate data and growth indices of trees in Buze and Yela Mountains.

<p>The position of the notch represents the median value; the right and left edges of the box represent the 1st and 3rd quartiles; circles outside of the line represent outliers (beyond 1.5 interquartile range of the box). If two notch boxes do not overlap, this indicates a statistically significant difference between the two medians. L, M and U represent the lower, middle and upper elevations.</p

Mean monthly air temperature and monthly total precipitation for the period 1978–2010 from the Zuogong meteorological station.

<p>Mean monthly air temperature and monthly total precipitation for the period 1978–2010 from the Zuogong meteorological station.</p

Correlation coefficients between the tree-ring chronologies of different elevation and monthly climatic factors in Buza and Yela Mountains.

<p>Monthly climatic factors are from September of the prior growth year to September of the current growth year. The dotted lines represent significance at the level of <i>p</i> < 0.05. L, M, and U represent the lower, middle and upper elevations.</p

Information of the study sites and ring-width series of <i>Picea likiangensis var</i>. <i>balfouriana</i> (Rehd. et Wils.) Hillier ex Slsvin.

<p>Information of the study sites and ring-width series of <i>Picea likiangensis var</i>. <i>balfouriana</i> (Rehd. et Wils.) Hillier ex Slsvin.</p

Mean sensitivity and growth synchrony among individual tree-ring sequences at three altitudes in Buze and Yela Mountains.

<p>L, M, and U represent lower, middle and upper elevation sites.</p

Floating on Oil

We demonstrate that disk-shaped steel meshes coated with a superamphiphobic layer are able to float on water and on organic liquids. A coated disk-shaped steel mesh of 1 cm radius has a loading capacity of 17 mN in water and still remarkable 9 mN in <i>n</i>-hexadecane. Experimentally measured supporting forces and loading capacities agree well with theoretical predictions. Inspired by the giant water lily, pan-shaped “oil lilies” with even higher loading capacity and artificial oil striders carrying more than 10 times their own weight are designed. Even after the artificial devices are fully immersed into different liquids, they show self-draining properties due to capillary forces

Impact of Viscous Droplets on Superamphiphobic Surfaces

The impact of a liquid droplet on a solid surface is one of the most common phenomena in nature and frequently encountered in numerous technological processes. Despite the significant progress on understanding the droplet impact phenomenon over the past century, the impact dynamics, especially the coupling effects between the properties of a liquid and surface wettability on the impact process, is still poorly understood. In this work, we experimentally investigated the impact of viscous droplets on superamphiphobic surfaces, with the viscosity of liquids ranging from 0.89 to 150 mPa s. We showed that an increase in liquid viscosity will slow down the impact process and cause bouncing droplets to rebound lower and fewer times. The critical impact velocity, above which droplets can rebound from the superamphiphobic surface, was found to linearly increase with the liquid viscosity. We also showed that the maximum spreading factor increases with Weber number or Reynolds number but decreases with the liquid viscosity. Scaling analyses based on energy conservation were carried out to explain these findings, and they were found to be in good agreement with our experimental results

Hg²⁺ removal and Hg²⁺ biouptake from 10 mg /L Hg²⁺ solution by unmodified R1 cells (control) and R1 chemically modified to block carboxyl, amino and hydroxyl, and phosphate groups, respectively.

<p>After chemical modification, the cells were washed twice with ddH₂O, harvested by centrifugation and resuspended in10 mg/L Hg²⁺ solution for 2 h biouptake.</p

Equilibrium biouptake of Hg²⁺.

<p>Equilibrium biouptake of Hg²⁺.</p