Table_1_Multigene phylogeny, phylogenetic network, and morphological characterizations reveal four new arthropod-associated Simplicillium species and their evolutional relationship.docx

Simplicillium species are widely distributed and commonly found on various substrates. A minority of species are associated with arthropods. A spider-associated species Simplicillium araneae, and three insect-associated species, Simplicillium coleopterorum, Simplicillium guizhouense, and Simplicillium larvatum, are proposed as novel species based on a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics. These Simplicillium species completely fit the nutritional model of Hypocreales fungi and could be used as a model to study their evolutionary relationship. A phylogenetic network analysis based on ITS sequences suggests that a host jump was common among Simplicillium species, and S. araneae may have originally come from an insect host and then jumped to a spider host. However, the evolutionary relationship of S. coleopterorum, S. guizhouense, and S. larvatum was not clear in the phylogenetic network and more sequencing information should be added to the network. In addition, strain CBS 101267 was identified as Simplicillium subtropicum.</p

CO₂ Permeation through Hybrid Organosilica Membranes in the Presence of Water Vapor

Hybrid organosilica membranes have become attractive for industrial applications because of high performance and long-term stability. This work investigated the influence of water vapor on CO2 gas permeation through the hybrid membranes. Two types of organoalkoxysilanes, bis­(triethoxysilyl)­ethane (BTESE) and bis­(triethoxysilyl)octane (BTESO), were used as precursors to prepare membranes via the sol–gel method. The two membranes showed distinct properties of porosity and water affinity because of the differences in the bridging methylene numbers between the two Si atoms. Under dry conditions, the BTESE and BTESO membranes showed CO2 permeances as high as 7.66 × 10–7 and 6.63 × 10–7 mol m–2 s–1 Pa–1 with CO2/N2 selectivities of 36.1 and 12.6 at 40 °C, respectively. In the presence of water vapor, CO2 permeance was decreased for both membranes, but the effect of water vapor on CO2 permeation was slighter for BTESO membranes than it was for BTESE membranes because of more hydrophobicity and denser structures with a longer linking-bridge group. The hybrid organosilica membranes both showed good reproducibility and stability in water vapor

Ceramic-Supported Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane–Organosilica Nanocomposite Membrane for Efficient Gas Separation

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is a promising nanofiller with a cubic inorganic framework and optional organic functional groups. In this work, organosilica–POSS mixed matrix membranes were successfully prepared via the incorporation of octabenzamidopropyl-POSS into 1,2-bis­(triethoxysilyl)­ethane (BTESE)-derived matrix for gas separation. The BTESE–POSS composites showed stable structures up to 400 °C, and the POSS could be loaded within a wide range of contents by adjusting the concentrations in mixed solutions. In the gas separation, the effects of POSS content and operating temperature were investigated. As POSS content increased, the selectivities for H2/N2 were enhanced. The highest H2/N2 selectivity of 52.1 was obtained for BTESE–POSS (50.0%) composite membrane, which amounted to an increase of 160% over that of pure BTESE membrane at 100 °C. The apparent activation energy for gas permeation through these composite membranes became higher than that of pure BTESE membrane, which indicated a smaller pore size obtained by the addition of POSS. The permeances of He and H2 for BTESE–POSS mixed matrix membranes were well predicted by the n = 1 Maxwell–Wagner–Sillar model, suggesting that small gases permeated a stack of oblate ellipsoidal layers of these membranes with parallel transport to the pressure gradient

Laminar MoS₂ Nanosheets Embedded into Organosilica Membranes for Efficient H₂ Separation

Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with a unique action on H2 was incorporated into 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE)-derived bridged microporous organosilica networks to form a composite membrane for H2 separation by a sol–gel method. Due to their opposite ζ-potentials, a continuous surface without lamellar boundary defects was formed between BTESE sols derived by the hydrolysis–polymerization reaction and MoS2 nanosheets. When the MoS2 content increased in BTESE networks, the H2 permeance showed an overall increasing trend in the range of 1.85–2.89 × 10–7 mol·m–2 s–1 Pa–1 (552–864 GPU), which was higher than that of pristine BTESE membrane with the H2 permeance of 491 GPU. In addition, optimized MoS2/BTESE membranes showed a much higher H2/N2 permselectivity of 129 than that of the pristine BTESE membrane of 17 at 100 °C. The synergistic effect of BTESE and MoS2 nanosheets plays an important role. Through adsorption isotherm test and diffusivity as well as energy calculation, BTESE networks became denser by nonporous MoS2 addition that prevented N2 from passing, while H2 was promoted with excellent adsorption on charged edges of MoS2, resulting in improved H2 separation performance both in permeance and selectivity. This provides an attractive mechanism for hydrogen separation

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the Fuzhuan brick tea-fermentation fungus Aspergillus cristatus

Results of MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 amino acid sequence analysis of members of the genus Aspergillus using Jalview version 2.0 [32]. Figure S2. Detection of six mycotoxins by HPLC. (PDF 401 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the Fuzhuan brick tea-fermentation fungus Aspergillus cristatus

Aspergillus cristatus genome statistics compared to that of other sequenced Aspergillus fungi. Table S2. Genes used for Phylogenetic Analysis. Table S3. Homology Genes of Mycotoxin Biosynthesis in Aspergillus cristatus Genome. (PDF 808 kb