Inexact, Generalized and Semi-Infinite Linear Programming

We present basic properties and duality results between inexact and generalized linear progra1ns. ln addition we describe linear semi-infinite programs in connection with the programs above mentioned. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org

Etiological Subgroups of Small-for-Gestational-Age: Differential Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>It remains unclear why substantial variations in neurodevelopmental outcomes exist within small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children. We prospectively compared 5-y neurodevelopmental outcomes across SGA etiological subgroups.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Children born SGA (N = 1050) from U.S. Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (2001–2007) was divided into etiological subgroups by each of 7 well-established prenatal risk factors. We fit linear regression models to compare 5-y reading, math, gross motor and fine motor scores across SGA subgroups, adjusting for socio-demographic confounders.</p><p>Results</p><p>Compared to singleton SGA subgroup, multiple-birth SGA subgroup had lower mean reading (adjusted mean difference, -4.08 [95% confidence interval, -6.10, -2.06]) and math (-2.22 [-3.61, -0.84]) scores. These disadvantages in reading and math existed only among multiple-birth SGA subgroup without ovulation stimulation (reading, -4.50 [-6.64, -2.36]; math, -2.91 [-4.37, -1.44]), but not among those with ovulation stimulation (reading, -2.33 [-6.24, 1.57]; math 0.63 [-1.86, 3.12]). Compared to singleton SGA subgroup without maternal smoking and inadequate gestational weight gain, singleton SGA subgroup with co-occurrence of maternal smoking and inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) had lower mean reading (-4.81 [-8.50, -1.12]) and math (-2.95 [-5.51, -0.38]) scores. These differences were not mediated by Apgar score.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Multiple-birth SGA subgroups (vs. singleton SGA) or singleton SGA subgroup with co-occurrence of smoking and inadequate GWG (vs. singleton SGA subgroup without maternal smoking and inadequate gestational weight gain) have poorer cognitive development up to 5 y.</p></div

Flow chart of the analytic sample.

<p>Flow chart of the analytic sample.</p

Controlled Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles through Antibody Recognition: Study and Utilizing the Effect of Particle Size on Interparticle Distance

An assembly of gold nanoparticle through the recognition of unmodified antibody was developed. The use of peptide (Cys-Ala-Leu-Asn-Asn) as ligands to stabilize and functionalize gold nanoparticles provides technical and operational convenience. These peptide-capped particles in different sizes are recognized by antibody and assembly to form dimers and expanded hybrid material by controlling the conditions. The interparticle spacing of these assemblies was well studied with small-angle X-ray scattering measurements, and it was found that the interparticle spacing is inversely dependent on the particle size. This relationship of interparticle spacing and particle size is closely related to the structure of antibody linker. Therefore, analyzing the interparticle spacing of assemblies can reveal the equilibrium configuration of IgG. Based on the investigation, the Fab–Fab angle of IgG is obtained to be ≈102° and the Fab arms are ≈7.8 nm. These results provide new experimental data on the structure of flexible IgG

Comparison of 5-y neurodevelopmental outcomes between children born SGA and AGA (N = 5300).

<p>Comparison of 5-y neurodevelopmental outcomes between children born SGA and AGA (N = 5300).</p

Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5 y of SGA etiological subgroups by single prenatal risk factor (N = 1050).

<p>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5 y of SGA etiological subgroups by single prenatal risk factor (N = 1050).</p

Data_Sheet_2_Effect of 0.01% atropine combined with orthokeratology lens on axial elongation: a 2-year randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.PDF

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of 0.01% atropine combined with orthokeratology (OK) lens on axial elongation in schoolchildren with myopia.MethodsSixty children aged 8–12 years with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) from -1.00D to -4.00D in both eyes were enrolled in this randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Children who had been wearing OK lenses for 2 months were randomly assigned into combination group (combination of OK lens and 0.01% atropine) for 1 year followed by control group (combination of OK lens and placebo) for another 1 year or vice versa. This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Number: ChiCTR2000033904, 16/06/2020). The primary outcome was changes in axial length (AL). Data of right eyes were analyzed.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in the changes in AL between combination and control groups after generalized estimating equation model adjusting for age and baseline SER (p = 0.001). The mean axial elongation difference between combination and control groups was 0.10 mm in the first year (0.10 ± 0.13 mm vs. 0.20 ±0.15 mm; p = 0.01), and 0.09 mm in the second year (0.22 ± 0.10 mm vs. 0.13 ± 0.14 mm; p = 0.01), respectively. The mean axial elongation difference of two groups in the first year was similar to that in the second year during the cross-over treatment.ConclusionIn central Mainland China in myopic children, the treatment of combination therapy is more effective than single OK lens in controlling axial elongation.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Effect of 0.01% atropine combined with orthokeratology lens on axial elongation: a 2-year randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.pdf

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of 0.01% atropine combined with orthokeratology (OK) lens on axial elongation in schoolchildren with myopia.MethodsSixty children aged 8–12 years with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) from -1.00D to -4.00D in both eyes were enrolled in this randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Children who had been wearing OK lenses for 2 months were randomly assigned into combination group (combination of OK lens and 0.01% atropine) for 1 year followed by control group (combination of OK lens and placebo) for another 1 year or vice versa. This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Number: ChiCTR2000033904, 16/06/2020). The primary outcome was changes in axial length (AL). Data of right eyes were analyzed.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in the changes in AL between combination and control groups after generalized estimating equation model adjusting for age and baseline SER (p = 0.001). The mean axial elongation difference between combination and control groups was 0.10 mm in the first year (0.10 ± 0.13 mm vs. 0.20 ±0.15 mm; p = 0.01), and 0.09 mm in the second year (0.22 ± 0.10 mm vs. 0.13 ± 0.14 mm; p = 0.01), respectively. The mean axial elongation difference of two groups in the first year was similar to that in the second year during the cross-over treatment.ConclusionIn central Mainland China in myopic children, the treatment of combination therapy is more effective than single OK lens in controlling axial elongation.</p

Distribution of Lipid Profile in Boys and Girls Aged 7–17 Years Old (<i>n</i> = 2243).

<p>Distribution of Lipid Profile in Boys and Girls Aged 7–17 Years Old (<i>n</i> = 2243).</p

Proportion of Lipid Disorders in Children Defined by BMI, WC, and WHR (<i>n</i> = 2243).

<p>Proportion of Lipid Disorders in Children Defined by BMI, WC, and WHR (<i>n</i> = 2243).</p