Table_1_A non-linear relationship between triglyceride glucose waist circumference and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a Japanese population: a secondary analysis.docx

IntroductionNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance (IR). Triglyceride glucose waist circumference (TyG-WC) is a novel index of IR that reflects both visceral fat and hepatic steatosis. However, it is not known whether TyG-WC and NAFLD exhibit a nonlinear relationship in Japanese subjects with normal plasma glucose level. Thus, we examined the relationship between TyG-WC and NAFLD, in addition to determining the threshold level of TyG-WC associated with NAFLD.MethodsA secondary analysis was performed based on a previous study that extracted medical examination records from Murakami Memorial Hospital between 2004 and 2015 in order to detect chronic diseases and their risk factors. TyG-WC was determined at baseline. NAFLD is the dependent variable. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk of NAFLD incidence. Based on the smoothing plot, a two-piecewise linear regression model was used to examine the threshold effect of TyG-WC on NAFLD. A subgroup analysis was carried out in order to study other factors that may influence the association between TyG-WC and NAFLD.Results14,280 met the criteria for inclusion in the current secondary analysis. The adjusted OR (95% CI) for NAFLD in all subjects was 1.007 (95% CI 1.006–1.009, P DiscussionThe relationship between TyG-WC and NAFLD is nonlinear. TyG-WC is positively associated with NAFLD when TyG-WC is ranged between 480 and 800. There is potential clinical significance for the TyG-WC in identifying groups at high risk for NAFLD in subjects with normal plasma glucose level.</p

Chemical constituents from <i>Artemisia rupestris</i> and their neuraminidase inhibitory activity

Two new thiophene derivatives (1 and 2), a new sesquiterpene (3), and 15 known compounds (4–18) were isolated from the whole plants of Artemisia rupestris. The new compounds (1–3) were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic techniques including 1 D (1H and 13C) and 2 D NMR experiments (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY), and HR-ESI-MS. Most of the isolates (1–6, 8, 10–18) exhibited the neuraminidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 74.07–986.54 μM by a fluorescence-based assay. Two known flavonoids (chrysosplenetin B and luteolin) showed a comparable activity to oseltamivir acid on neuraminidase inhibition.</p

Additional file 1 of BAG3 promotes proliferation and migration of arterial smooth muscle cells by regulating STAT3 phosphorylation in diabetic vascular remodeling

Supplementary Material

Interfacial Gradient-Energy-Band-Alignment Modulation via a Vapor-Phase Anion-Exchange Reaction toward Lead-Free Perovskite Photodetectors with Excellent UV Imaging Capability

Bi-based inorganic perovskites have attracted great attention in optoelectronics, as they feature similar photoelectric properties but have high stability and lead-free merits. Unfortunately, due to the high exciton binding energy and small Bohr radius, their photodetection performance still largely lags behind that of Pb-based counterparts. Herein, using a vapor-phase chloride ion-substitution strategy, Cs3Bi2Br9 photodetectors (PDs) with gradient energy band alignment were delicately modulated, contributing to a high carrier separation/collection efficiency. The optimized Bi-based perovskite ACCT (Al2O3/Cs3Bi2Br9/Cs3Bi2ClxBr9–x/TiO2) PDs exhibit outstanding performance, the ON/OFF ratio and linear dynamic range (LDR) are significantly improved by 20 and 2.6 times, respectively. Significantly, we further demonstrate the high-SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) UV imaging based on the optimized device, which shows 21.887 dB higher than that of the pristine device. Finally, the vapor-phase anion-exchange modified perovskite PDs show long-term stability and high UV resistance. Vapor-phase ion-substitution is a promising approach for the synergistic effect of matched energy band alignment and interface passivation, which can be applied to other perovskite-based optoelectronic devices

Table1_Effective population size of Culex quinquefasciatus under insecticide-based vector management and following Hurricane Harvey in Harris County, Texas.DOCX

Introduction:Culex quinquefasciatus is a mosquito species of significant public health importance due to its ability to transmit multiple pathogens that can cause mosquito-borne diseases, such as West Nile fever and St. Louis encephalitis. In Harris County, Texas, Cx. quinquefasciatus is a common vector species and is subjected to insecticide-based management by the Harris County Public Health Department. However, insecticide resistance in mosquitoes has increased rapidly worldwide and raises concerns about maintaining the effectiveness of vector control approaches. This concern is highly relevant in Texas, with its humid subtropical climate along the Gulf Coast that provides suitable habitat for Cx. quinquefasciatus and other mosquito species that are known disease vectors. Therefore, there is an urgent and ongoing need to monitor the effectiveness of current vector control programs.Methods: In this study, we evaluated the impact of vector control approaches by estimating the effective population size of Cx. quinquefasciatus in Harris County. We applied Approximate Bayesian Computation to microsatellite data to estimate effective population size. We collected Cx. quinquefasciatus samples from two mosquito control operation areas; 415 and 802, during routine vector monitoring in 2016 and 2017. No county mosquito control operations were applied at area 415 in 2016 and 2017, whereas extensive adulticide spraying operations were in effect at area 802 during the summer of 2016. We collected data for eighteen microsatellite markers for 713 and 723 mosquitoes at eight timepoints from 2016 to 2017 in areas 415 and 802, respectively. We also investigated the impact of Hurricane Harvey’s landfall in the Houston area in August of 2017 on Cx. quinquefasciatus population fluctuation.Results: We found that the bottleneck scenario was the most probable historical scenario describing the impact of the winter season at area 415 and area 802, with the highest posterior probability of 0.9167 and 0.4966, respectively. We also detected an expansion event following Hurricane Harvey at area 802, showing a 3.03-fold increase in 2017.Discussion: Although we did not detect significant effects of vector control interventions, we found considerable influences of the winter season and a major hurricane on the effective population size of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The fluctuations in effective population size in both areas showed a significant seasonal pattern. Additionally, the significant population expansion following Hurricane Harvey in 2017 supports the necessity for post-hurricane vector-control interventions.</p

Table4_Effective population size of Culex quinquefasciatus under insecticide-based vector management and following Hurricane Harvey in Harris County, Texas.DOCX

Introduction:Culex quinquefasciatus is a mosquito species of significant public health importance due to its ability to transmit multiple pathogens that can cause mosquito-borne diseases, such as West Nile fever and St. Louis encephalitis. In Harris County, Texas, Cx. quinquefasciatus is a common vector species and is subjected to insecticide-based management by the Harris County Public Health Department. However, insecticide resistance in mosquitoes has increased rapidly worldwide and raises concerns about maintaining the effectiveness of vector control approaches. This concern is highly relevant in Texas, with its humid subtropical climate along the Gulf Coast that provides suitable habitat for Cx. quinquefasciatus and other mosquito species that are known disease vectors. Therefore, there is an urgent and ongoing need to monitor the effectiveness of current vector control programs.Methods: In this study, we evaluated the impact of vector control approaches by estimating the effective population size of Cx. quinquefasciatus in Harris County. We applied Approximate Bayesian Computation to microsatellite data to estimate effective population size. We collected Cx. quinquefasciatus samples from two mosquito control operation areas; 415 and 802, during routine vector monitoring in 2016 and 2017. No county mosquito control operations were applied at area 415 in 2016 and 2017, whereas extensive adulticide spraying operations were in effect at area 802 during the summer of 2016. We collected data for eighteen microsatellite markers for 713 and 723 mosquitoes at eight timepoints from 2016 to 2017 in areas 415 and 802, respectively. We also investigated the impact of Hurricane Harvey’s landfall in the Houston area in August of 2017 on Cx. quinquefasciatus population fluctuation.Results: We found that the bottleneck scenario was the most probable historical scenario describing the impact of the winter season at area 415 and area 802, with the highest posterior probability of 0.9167 and 0.4966, respectively. We also detected an expansion event following Hurricane Harvey at area 802, showing a 3.03-fold increase in 2017.Discussion: Although we did not detect significant effects of vector control interventions, we found considerable influences of the winter season and a major hurricane on the effective population size of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The fluctuations in effective population size in both areas showed a significant seasonal pattern. Additionally, the significant population expansion following Hurricane Harvey in 2017 supports the necessity for post-hurricane vector-control interventions.</p

Table2_Effective population size of Culex quinquefasciatus under insecticide-based vector management and following Hurricane Harvey in Harris County, Texas.DOCX

Introduction:Culex quinquefasciatus is a mosquito species of significant public health importance due to its ability to transmit multiple pathogens that can cause mosquito-borne diseases, such as West Nile fever and St. Louis encephalitis. In Harris County, Texas, Cx. quinquefasciatus is a common vector species and is subjected to insecticide-based management by the Harris County Public Health Department. However, insecticide resistance in mosquitoes has increased rapidly worldwide and raises concerns about maintaining the effectiveness of vector control approaches. This concern is highly relevant in Texas, with its humid subtropical climate along the Gulf Coast that provides suitable habitat for Cx. quinquefasciatus and other mosquito species that are known disease vectors. Therefore, there is an urgent and ongoing need to monitor the effectiveness of current vector control programs.Methods: In this study, we evaluated the impact of vector control approaches by estimating the effective population size of Cx. quinquefasciatus in Harris County. We applied Approximate Bayesian Computation to microsatellite data to estimate effective population size. We collected Cx. quinquefasciatus samples from two mosquito control operation areas; 415 and 802, during routine vector monitoring in 2016 and 2017. No county mosquito control operations were applied at area 415 in 2016 and 2017, whereas extensive adulticide spraying operations were in effect at area 802 during the summer of 2016. We collected data for eighteen microsatellite markers for 713 and 723 mosquitoes at eight timepoints from 2016 to 2017 in areas 415 and 802, respectively. We also investigated the impact of Hurricane Harvey’s landfall in the Houston area in August of 2017 on Cx. quinquefasciatus population fluctuation.Results: We found that the bottleneck scenario was the most probable historical scenario describing the impact of the winter season at area 415 and area 802, with the highest posterior probability of 0.9167 and 0.4966, respectively. We also detected an expansion event following Hurricane Harvey at area 802, showing a 3.03-fold increase in 2017.Discussion: Although we did not detect significant effects of vector control interventions, we found considerable influences of the winter season and a major hurricane on the effective population size of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The fluctuations in effective population size in both areas showed a significant seasonal pattern. Additionally, the significant population expansion following Hurricane Harvey in 2017 supports the necessity for post-hurricane vector-control interventions.</p

Table3_Effective population size of Culex quinquefasciatus under insecticide-based vector management and following Hurricane Harvey in Harris County, Texas.DOCX

Introduction:Culex quinquefasciatus is a mosquito species of significant public health importance due to its ability to transmit multiple pathogens that can cause mosquito-borne diseases, such as West Nile fever and St. Louis encephalitis. In Harris County, Texas, Cx. quinquefasciatus is a common vector species and is subjected to insecticide-based management by the Harris County Public Health Department. However, insecticide resistance in mosquitoes has increased rapidly worldwide and raises concerns about maintaining the effectiveness of vector control approaches. This concern is highly relevant in Texas, with its humid subtropical climate along the Gulf Coast that provides suitable habitat for Cx. quinquefasciatus and other mosquito species that are known disease vectors. Therefore, there is an urgent and ongoing need to monitor the effectiveness of current vector control programs.Methods: In this study, we evaluated the impact of vector control approaches by estimating the effective population size of Cx. quinquefasciatus in Harris County. We applied Approximate Bayesian Computation to microsatellite data to estimate effective population size. We collected Cx. quinquefasciatus samples from two mosquito control operation areas; 415 and 802, during routine vector monitoring in 2016 and 2017. No county mosquito control operations were applied at area 415 in 2016 and 2017, whereas extensive adulticide spraying operations were in effect at area 802 during the summer of 2016. We collected data for eighteen microsatellite markers for 713 and 723 mosquitoes at eight timepoints from 2016 to 2017 in areas 415 and 802, respectively. We also investigated the impact of Hurricane Harvey’s landfall in the Houston area in August of 2017 on Cx. quinquefasciatus population fluctuation.Results: We found that the bottleneck scenario was the most probable historical scenario describing the impact of the winter season at area 415 and area 802, with the highest posterior probability of 0.9167 and 0.4966, respectively. We also detected an expansion event following Hurricane Harvey at area 802, showing a 3.03-fold increase in 2017.Discussion: Although we did not detect significant effects of vector control interventions, we found considerable influences of the winter season and a major hurricane on the effective population size of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The fluctuations in effective population size in both areas showed a significant seasonal pattern. Additionally, the significant population expansion following Hurricane Harvey in 2017 supports the necessity for post-hurricane vector-control interventions.</p

Additional file 1 of Impact of dysautonomic symptom burden on the quality of life in Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. The comparisons of COMPASS-31 score/subscore among NMOSD subgroups distributed by gender, serum AQP4-IgG positive or negative, clinical phenotype, and current preventive therapy. Supplementary Table S2. The correlation between COMPASS-31 score/subscore and clinical variables in NMOSD patients. Supplementary Table S3. Multivariable linear regression of the COMPASS-31 score in NMOSD patients

DataSheet1_Nocaviogua A and B: two lipolanthines from root-nodule-associated Nocardia sp..docx

Nocaviogua A (1) and B (2), two lipolanthines featuring a non-canonical avionin (Avi)-containing macrocycle and a long acyl chain, were identified from the mutualistic actinomycete Nocardia sp. XZ19_369, which was isolated from the nodules of sea buckthorn collected in Tibet. Their planar structures were elucidated via extensive analyses of 1D and 2D NMR, as well as HRMS data. The absolute configurations were fully elucidated by advanced Marfey’s analysis and GIAO NMR calculations, representing the first time that the configurations of this family of lipolanthines have been determined. Nocaviogua A (1) exhibited weak cytotoxicity against human chronic uveal melanoma cells (UM92-1), non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H2170), and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231). Our work provides valuable information on this burgeoning class of lipolanthines for further investigations.</p