Data_Sheet_1_Comprehensive Analysis of a Competing Endogenous RNA Network Identifies Seven-lncRNA Signature as a Prognostic Biomarker for Melanoma.docx

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) can act as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) involving in tumor initiation and progression. Nevertheless, the prognostic roles of lncRNAs in lncRNA-related ceRNA network of melanoma remain elusive. In this study, RNA sequence profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and there were 2020 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DEmRNAs), 438 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and 65 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) between primary and metastasis melanoma patients. A ceRNA regulatory network was constructed based on the DElncRNAs-DEmiRNAs and DEmiRNAs-DEmRNAs interactions, which contained 39 lncRNAs, 10 miRNAs, and 16 mRNAs. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were carried out to establish a 7-lncRNA prognostic signature. Subsequently, the area under the curve (AUC) value of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Kaplan-Meier risk survival analysis revealed the significant performance of this signature. Finally, pathway enrichment analyses implied that lncRNA MIR205HG and MIAT were associated with multiple cancer-related pathways, especially epidermis development and immune response. The current study provides novel insights into the lncRNA-related ceRNA network and the potential of lncRNAs to be candidate prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in melanoma.</p

Barrier permeability assay with or without acrolein exposure.

<p>Tissues were incubated with acrolein as the concentration indicated for 3 hours. (A). The TEER values were assessed by Ussing chamber system and associated voltage clamp. (B). The epithelial permeability was measured by fluorescent marker NaFI. Index of permeability represents the percentage of fluorescent marker passing though epithelium. Data represent Mean ±SE, n = 7, *: p < 0.05 as compared to controls.</p

Western blot analysis of occludin protein with or without acrolein exposure.

<p>Data represent Mean ± SE, n = 6, p = 0.337 as compared to controls. “C” represents control group and “A” represents acrolein treated group.</p

Cell membrane integrity assessed by LDH leakage.

<p>Data represents LDH release in extracellular medium normalized by the average in the control group, #: p<0.01 as compared to controls by paired t-test.</p

Expression levels of mRNAs encoding typical tight junctional proteins.

<p>Tissues were incubated with acrolein as the concentration indicated for 3 hours. The mRNA levels of occludin (A) and claudin3 (B) were determined by qPCR. Data represent Mean ± SE, n = 6 (p = 0.259 for occludin and p = 0.556 for claudin3) as compared to controls.</p

Micromorphology Influence on the Color Performance of Lignin and Its Application in Guiding the Preparation of Light-colored Lignin Sunscreen

The lignin with different color degree was obtained by micromorphology regulation and was characterized by SEM, brightness test, bulk density, particle diameter, zeta potential, specific surface area, and visible light diffusion to investigate the relationship between micromorphology and color performance. The results show that the lignin that consists of fine particles and contains dense interval space between particles exhibits obvious advantages on color reduction which is highly lightened by more than 3 times compared with the untreated lignin. The loose structure of lignin leads to a low bulk density which by the way decreases the concentration of chromophores in the macroscopic scale. Rely on the new fundamental basis for the color reduction of lignin, a kind of light-colored lignin was obtained and was used as additive in the preparation of sunscreen. The lignin-based sunscreen reached SPF 50.69 under an addition amount of 5 wt %, and barely showed staining on skin

The metabolic activities of vocal fold tissue following acrolein exposure ex vivo.

<p>Epithelial metabolic activity was determined by the MTT assay. Tissues were incubated with acrolein as the concentration indicated for 3 hours. Data represent Mean ± SE, n = 7, *: p < 0.05, §: p < 0.001 as compared to controls.</p

Immunohistochemical study of lipid peroxidation marker with or without acrolein exposure.

<p>(A). A typical confocal image of vocal fold epithelia. 4-HNE was stained in red on the left panel; occludin was stained in green on the middle panel; and the merged signals in yellow was present on the right panel. (B). Quantification of signal intensities of 4-HNE and occludin. Data represent Mean ± SE, n = 4, *: p < 0.05 as compared to controls.</p

Phthalocyanine-Based Nanoassembly with Switchable Fluorescence and Photoactivities for Tumor Imaging and Phototherapy

Switchable theranostics are of great interest for accurate tumor imaging and targeted therapy. Here, we develop smart engineering to construct nanostructured phthalocyanines self-assembled by amphiphilic zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) and hydrophobic copper phthalocyanines (CuPcs) (ZnPc­(PEG)5:CuPc-N, where ZnPc­(PEG)5 is monosubstituted ZnPcs with pentaethylene glycol as the substituent). The fluorescence and reactive oxygen species generation of ZnPc­(PEG)5:CuPc-N can be triggered depending on the membrane of the tumor cells for the imaging and photoactivities. Concerning the stability in blood circulation, the surface of the nanocomplex is coated with polydopamine, which responds to the tumor acidic microenvironment. ZnPc­(PEG)5 and CuPc focus on photodynamic and photothermal properties, respectively, and can be stimulated by a single laser beam, endowing ZnPc­(PEG)5:CuPc-N a combined antitumor effect from evaluations both in vitro and in vivo. In our study, the mechanism of switchable theranostics, the strategy of combined photodynamic and photothermal therapy, and the smart nanoengineering technology of phthalocyanines with poor water solubility can be applied to other phthalocyanines or phthalocyanine-like phototherapy agents