Energy, Emissions, and Cost Impacts of Charging Price Strategies for Electric Vehicles

While utilizing price signals to affect charging behaviors has been identified as a promising strategy to manage charging loads, few studies discuss their impacts comprehensively. We investigate how different charging price strategies can affect the spatial and temporal distribution of charging activities at the individual level and the required charging infrastructure system. We utilize an integrated optimization platform for electric vehicle (EV) charging management and infrastructure placement in home and nonhome locations in San Diego, CA, that include charging price strategies, infrastructure costs, and mobility demand patterns. We evaluate three pricing scenarios and demonstrate that the time-of-use pricing scheme results in the highest emissions and the real-time one the lowest, which are 20.2% higher and 0.7% lower than the annual emissions under the flat rate scenario, which is about 8,787 MtCO2e. Our results show that the charging load profile is the result of various determinants including the dynamic electricity price, price elasticity of charging demand, travel and dwelling constraints, carbon price, as well as exclusive home and shared nonhome charging patterns. The effectiveness of changing charging behavior through internalizing climate damage to obtain environmental benefits depends largely on charging price strategies, implying that policymakers should consider charging price strategies in conjunction with carbon pricing rather than independently

DNA barcoding of <i>Actinidia</i> (Actinidiaceae) using internal transcribed spacer, <i>matK</i>, <i>rbcL</i> and <i>trnH</i>-<i>psbA</i>, and its taxonomic implication

<p><i>Actinidia</i> is taxonomically difficult and economically important. Four traditional barcoding markers, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), <i>rbcL</i>, <i>matK</i> and <i>trnH</i>-<i>psbA</i>, were used to identify the 29 <i>Actinidia</i> species sampled. High-quality sequences could be obtained easily for <i>rbcL</i>, <i>matK</i> and <i>trnH</i>-<i>psbA</i>, and <i>matK</i> performed best at resolving species among these three markers. ITS had a moderate sequencing success of 72% and the species resolution proportion was 60.7%. Sequencing success rate for <i>matK </i>+ <i>rbcL</i> was 97.4% and it discriminated 48.3% of the species analysed. The barcode <i>trnH</i>-<i>psbA</i> could only identify <i>Actinidia eriantha. MatK </i>+ <i>rbcL</i> and ITS are useful markers to barcode <i>Actinidia</i>; the utility of ITS in barcoding needs further investigation using high-throughput sequencing technology. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, <i>matK</i>, <i>matK </i>+ <i>rbcL</i> and <i>matK </i>+ <i>rbcL </i>+ <i>trnH</i>-<i>psbA</i> indicated Sect. <i>Leiocarpae</i> to be paraphyletic, while Sect. <i>Maculatae</i> and Sect. <i>Strigosae</i> together with Sect. <i>Stellatae</i> formed a monophyletic group. We recommended the subdivision of <i>Actinidia</i> into two groups: one consisting of Sect. <i>Leiocarpae</i> (ovaries glabrous, fruits spotless), and the other comprising sections <i>Maculatae</i>, <i>Strigosae</i> and <i>Stellatae</i> (ovaries hairy, fruits spotted). This study supported the separation of <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> and var. <i>deliciosa</i> at the infraspecific level, and the separation of <i>Actinidia tetramera</i> and <i>Actinidia kolomikta</i> at the specific level. The treatment of <i>Actinidia maloides</i> as a synonym of <i>A</i>. <i>kolomikta</i> and <i>Actinidia cinerascen</i>s as a variety of <i>Actinidia fulvicoma</i> was also warranted.</p

Dioxygen-Promoted Pd-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Organoboronic Acids with Amines and CO: A Direct Approach to Tertiary Amides

A direct approach from organoboronic acids and amines to tertiary amides via Pd-catalyzed aerobic aminocarbonylation has been developed. The presence of O₂ significantly promotes the efficiency of this transformation. This method uses commercially available organoboronic acids and cheap CO and O₂ (1 atm), which renders amides an easy synthesis with broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance

Chiral Ionic Liquid Monolayer-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Application to SERS

Chiral ionic liquid monolayer-stabilized gold nanoparticles were synthesized in a two-phase liquid−liquid system and found to self-assemble into ringlike structures at the air/water interface. Control experiments with long-chain ILs revealed that the molecular structure of the CIL significantly affects the formation of the gold nanoparticle ring structures. A possible mechanism based on Marangoni−Bénard convection in evaporating droplets was proposed. These gold nanoparticle structures were shown to yield a large SERS enhancement for Rhodamine 6G

Rh-Catalyzed Construction of Quinolin-2(1<i>H</i>)‑ones via C–H Bond Activation of Simple Anilines with CO and Alkynes

A novel and efficient Rh-catalyzed carbonylation and annulation of simple anilines with CO and alkynes through N–H and C–H bond activation for the direct synthesis of quinolin-2­(1<i>H</i>)-ones has been developed. Simple anilines without preactivation, broad substrate scope with hetero/polycycles, and high-value products make this protocol very practical and attractive. A key rhodacycle complex was isolated and well-characterized

Rh-Catalyzed Construction of Quinolin-2(1<i>H</i>)‑ones via C–H Bond Activation of Simple Anilines with CO and Alkynes

A novel and efficient Rh-catalyzed carbonylation and annulation of simple anilines with CO and alkynes through N–H and C–H bond activation for the direct synthesis of quinolin-2­(1<i>H</i>)-ones has been developed. Simple anilines without preactivation, broad substrate scope with hetero/polycycles, and high-value products make this protocol very practical and attractive. A key rhodacycle complex was isolated and well-characterized

Table_1_Risk factors, prognostic factors, and nomograms for distant metastases in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a population-based study.xls

BackgroundPatients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) have a poor prognosis for distant metastasis. Currently, there are no studies on predictive models for the risk of distant metastasis in GEP-NETs.MethodsIn this study, risk factors associated with metastasis in patients with GEP-NETs in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and a nomogram model for metastasis risk prediction was constructed. Prognostic factors associated with distant metastasis in patients with GEP-NETs were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox, and a nomogram model for prognostic prediction was constructed. Finally, the performance of the nomogram model predictions is validated by internal validation set and external validation set.ResultsA total of 9145 patients with GEP-NETs were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that T stage, N stage, tumor size, primary site, and histologic types independent risk factors associated with distant metastasis in GEP-NETs patients (p value ConclusionIn conclusion, we constructed a new distant metastasis risk nomogram model and a new prognostic nomogram model for GEP-NETs patients, which provides a decision-making reference for individualized treatment of clinical patients.</p

Terahertz spin dynamics in rare-earth orthoferrites

Recent interest in developing fast spintronic devices and laser-controllable magnetic solids has sparked tremendous experimental and theoretical efforts to understand and manipulate ultrafast dynamics in materials. Studies of spin dynamics in the terahertz (THz) frequency range are particularly important for elucidating microscopic pathways toward novel device functionalities. Here, we review THz phenomena related to spin dynamics in rare-earth orthoferrites, a class of materials promising for antiferromagnetic spintronics. We expand this topic into a description of four key elements. (1) We start by describing THz spectroscopy of spin excitations for probing magnetic phase transitions in thermal equilibrium. While acoustic magnons are useful indicators of spin reorientation transitions, electromagnons that arise from dynamic magnetoelectric couplings serve as a signature of inversion-symmetry-breaking phases at low temperatures. (2) We then review the strong laser driving scenario, where the system is excited far from equilibrium and thereby subject to modifications to the free energy landscape. Microscopic pathways for ultrafast laser manipulation of magnetic order are discussed. (3) Furthermore, we review a variety of protocols to manipulate coherent THz magnons in time and space, which are useful capabilities for antiferromagnetic spintronic applications. (4) Finally, new insights on the connection between dynamic magnetic coupling in condensed matter and the Dicke superradiant phase transition in quantum optics are provided. By presenting a review on an array of THz spin phenomena occurring in a single class of materials, we hope to trigger interdisciplinary efforts that actively seek connections between subfields of spintronics, which will facilitate the invention of new protocols of active spin control and quantum phase engineering

A ribbed strategy disrupts conventional metamaterial deformation mechanisms for superior energy absorption

Enhancing energy absorption in mechanical metamaterials has been a focal point in structural design. Traditional methods often include introducing heterogeneity across unit cells. Herein, we propose a straightforward ribbed strategy to achieve exceptional energy absorption. We demonstrate our concept through modified body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) ribbed truss-lattice metamaterials (BCCR and FCCR). Using stainless-steel 316L samples, compression tests indicate a 111% and 91% increase in specific energy absorption (SEA) for BCCR and FCCR, respectively, along with an enhancement in compression strength by 61.8% and 40.7%. Deformation mechanisms are comprehensively elucidated through both finite element analysis and theoretical calculations. The mitigation of stress concentration at nodes, redistribution of load transfer pathways within struts, and introduction of multiple plastic hinges collectively contribute to increased energy absorption and higher compression strength. Using rein-based polymer samples, the ribbed truss-lattice metamaterials also exhibit exceptional damage tolerance, experiencing only a 15% loss in maximum strength after cyclic compression at 20% strain, while maintaining a 73% higher SEA compared to their non-ribbed counterpart. This strategy extends beyond the discussed structures, presenting itself as a generic approach to enhance plateau strength and SEA.</p

LattSAC: a software for the acoustic modelling of lattice sound absorbers

The increasingly distressing problem of noise pollution prompts the rapid research and development of lattice-based acoustic materials for practical applications. These lattices boast excellent mechanical properties and unlimited design freedom made possible using additive manufacturing technologies. Currently, there is a lack of analytical mathematical models relating the lattice geometry to the acoustic models and the absence of software dedicated to the acoustic modelling of strut lattice-based sound absorbers. This work presents LattSAC, an acoustics calculator that takes in all the geometrical parameters of the lattice structure and outputs directly the sound absorption coefficients (SAC) and their statistics. Hidden within the code is the novel Multi-layered Micropore-Cavity (MMC) model with semi-empirical mathematical models well-trained using experimental data to output the SACs with excellent accuracies. This software aims to accelerate the research and development of lattice-based acoustic absorbers for actual applications. It also functions as a valuable tool for users looking to design sound-absorbing materials using lattice structures. The software installer may be downloaded for free from the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/JunWeiChua/LattSAC. If there are any suggestions or contributions, the user may write to [email protected]. LattSAC, a lattice acoustics modelling software was developed.LattSAC outputs sound absorption coefficients using only lattice geometrical data.LattSAC implements high-fidelity numerical acoustics models.Mean absolute errors for the predictions are extremely low at about 0.053.Software capable of modelling lattices with heterogeneous assembly of unit cells. LattSAC, a lattice acoustics modelling software was developed. LattSAC outputs sound absorption coefficients using only lattice geometrical data. LattSAC implements high-fidelity numerical acoustics models. Mean absolute errors for the predictions are extremely low at about 0.053. Software capable of modelling lattices with heterogeneous assembly of unit cells.</p