Highly Active Hydrogen Evolution Electrodes via Co-Deposition of Platinum and Polyoxometalates

A highly active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrode with low Pt loading on glassy carbon (GC) has been prepared by anodic platinum dissolution and co-deposition of polyoxometalates. TEM, EDS, XPS, CV, and ICP-MS analyses gave a Pt loading of 50–100 ng/cm², corresponding to a Pt coverage of only 0.08–0.16 monolayer. With an overpotential of 65 mV at 20 mA/cm², the modified GC has a HER activity comparable to that of the commercial Pt working electrode

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Additional file 4: Table S4. Differentially expressed proteins between “P0” and “F3”

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Additional file 2: Table S2. Composition of total raw reads and statistical results of samples mapped to gene and genome

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Additional file 5: Table S5. Model summaries for the discrimination between the Pi-replete and Pi-limited samples from LC-MS data for metabolomic analysis

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Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used in this study

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Additional file 3: Table S3. Differentially expressed genes between “P0” and “F3”

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Additional file 7: Figure S1. Comparative metabolomic analyses of R. toruloides samples prepared under Pi-limited (P0) and Pi-replete (F3) conditions. a Total ion chromatogram of quality control (QC) sample (positive). b Total ion chromatogram of QC sample (negative). c Changes of some cellular nucleoside derivatives and bases. Figure S2. Metabolomic analysis of R. toruloides during phosphate-limitation. a Score plot of PCA in P0 vs F3 (positive). b Score plot of PLS-DA in P0 vs F3 (positive). c Sorting plot of PLS-DA in P0 vs F3 (positive). d Score plot of OPLS-DA in P0 vs F3 (positive). Figure S3. Metabolomic analysis of R. toruloides during phosphate-limitation. a Score plot of PCA in P0 vs F3 (negative). b Score plot of PLS-DA in P0 vs F3 (negative). c Sorting plot of PLS-DA in P0 vs F3 (negative). d Score plot of OPLS-DA in P0 vs F3 (negative)