Representative photographs of BDNF immunostraining in the brain.

<p>Magnification 100. The mice were respectively injected RDP, pVAX-BDNF and RDP/pVAX-BDNF (three mice in per group) and were euthanized at 3 day after injection.</p

RDP binds and delivers plasmid pVAX-Lac Z into the brain.

<p>(<i>A</i>), Gel retardation assay. The plasmid pVAX-Lac Z (2 µg) was incubated with increasing amounts of RDP in saline. After 30 minutes at room temperature, aliquots were analyzed on a 1.0% agarose gel. The lanes 1 to 6 correspond to retardation assays in the presence of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 µg of the peptide; lane 7, DNA markers. (<i>B</i>), Zeta potential of RDP/pVAX-Lac Z complexes of different gram ratios. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM (n<i> = </i>3). (<i>C</i>), Serum stability of peptide and plasmid complex. The RDP/pVAX-Lac Z complexes were incubated with mouse serum at 37°C and analyzed by electrophoresis. Time points were analyzed at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h. (<i>D</i>), Analysis of β-Gal gene expression assessed by X-gal staining in the brain. (<i>E</i>), X-gal staining in the peripheral tissues, including kidney, liver, heart, lung and spleen. Samples were analyzed at time points after intravenous administration. There were 3 mice per group. The results clearly showed that RDP mediated pVAX-Lac Z selectively into the brain and gene expression, while the plasmid without RDP did not cross the BBB when delivered in the same manner. (<i>F</i>), Fluorescence analysis of Rho-RDP as complexed with plasmid. Fluorescence was detected at mouse brain sections. Magnification 400.</p

RDP delivers plasmid pVAX-BDNF into the brain and gene expression.

<p>(<i>A</i>), Gel retardation assay tests the migration pattern of plasmid DNA (2 µg) in the presence of RDP. The lanes 1 to 6 correspond to retardation assays of 4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 µg of RDP; lane 7, DNA markers. (<i>B</i>), Zeta potential of RDP/pVAX-EGFP complexes of different gram ratios (n<i> = </i>3). (<i>C</i>), Serum stability of peptide and plasmid complexes. Time points were analyzed at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h following incubation with mouse serum at 37°C. (<i>D</i>), Western blot analysis of the BDNF in brain, kidney and liver of mice. The mice were intravenously injected with 40 µg complexes of DNA and plasmid, and the BDNF levels were detected on day 0. 1, 3, 5, 7 after injection. (E), Transient decrease of BDNF level in the brain. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM (n<i> = </i>3 in mice/time point). *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01 compared to the control (day 0),</p

Therapeutic effect of RDP/pVAX-BDNF on experimental PD.

<p>Rotation measurements following the administration of either apomorphine (<i>A</i>) or amphetamine (<i>B</i>) for PD mice treated with saline, RDP, pVAX-BDNF or RDP/pVAX-BDNF. Treatment was administered at once weekly for 3 weeks after toxin injection. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 10 mice/group). *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01 compared to the saline treated animals.</p

Vibrissae-elicited forelimb placing test.

<p>Neurologic deficit is partly recovered in RDP/pVAX-BDNF treated mice. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 10 mice/group). *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01 compared to the saline treated animals.</p

CD spectra of RDP with or without the plasmid DNA.

<p>The peptide (0.2 mg/ml) was dissolved in distilled water. Measurement was performed in the presence or absence of the plasmid.</p

Nonreciprocal bandstructures in an exciton-polariton Floquet optical lattice

HDF5 file containing all raw data and text file explaining the dataset structur