Variation in probability of each therapy to be cost-effective against WTP per QALY.

QALY: quality-adjusted life-years; GDP: gross domestic product; WTP: willingness-to-pay.</p

Model validation.

Model validation.</p

Scatter plots of incremental cost against incremental QALYs of aspirin therapy versus no use of aspirin.

QALY: quality-adjusted life-years; WTP: willingness-to-pay.</p

Simplified decision-analytic model of aspirin therapy versus no use of aspirin for primary prevention of CVD in DM patients.

CVD: cardiovascular disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; GI: gastrointestinal; MI: myocardial infarction.</p

Surgical protocol.

<p><b>A</b>, The parent magnet was guided to the target position for vessel anastomosis on the inferior vena cava by the wire fixed to one end. <b>B</b>, The daughter magnet was moved to the anastomosis position on the portal vein by the balloon catheter through the incision on the splenic vein. <b>C</b>, After the parent magnet met the daughter magnet, the balloon catheter was withdrawn from the vessel. <b>D</b>, The position of the magnets and the wire after the first surgery. <b>E</b>, Five to 7 days after the first surgery, a rosch-uchida transjugular liver access set inserted in a vascular sheath was introduced into the position of magnet in the inferior vena cava through the right femoral vein. Under X-ray guidance, the needle of the rosch-uchida transjugular liver access set was advanced slowly and ceaselessly along the outline of the magnets and the magnets were detached from the vascular wall. <b>F</b>, The magnets were pulled out of the body by the wire which was fixed to the parent magnet. <b>G</b>, The portal-inferior vena cava shunt was set up.</p

Base-case results.

Base-case results.</p

Portacaval Shunt Established in Six Dogs Using Magnetic Compression Technique

<div><p>Background and Aims</p><p>Installing the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal hypertension is relatively safe, but complications are still high. To explore a new method of portacaval shunt, the magnetic compression technique was introduced into the shunting procedure.</p> <p>Methods</p><p>A portal-inferior vena cava shunt was performed on 6 male mongrel dogs by two hemocompatible Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets, parent and daughter. The parent magnet was applied to the inferior vena cava guided by a catheter through the femoral vein. The daughter magnet was moved to the anastomosis position on the portal vein with a balloon catheter through the splenic vein. After the daughter magnet reached the target position, the two magnets acted to compress the vessel wall and hold it in place. Five to 7 days later, under X-ray guidance, the magnets were detached from the vessel wall with a rosch-uchida transjugular liver access set. One month later, histological analysis and portal venography were performed.</p> <p>Results</p><p>5-7 days after the first surgery, a mild intimal hyperplasia in the portal vein and the inferior vena cava, and continuity of the vascular adventitia from the portal vein to the inferior vena cava as observed. During the second surgery, the contrast media could be observed flowing from the portal vein into the inferior vena cava. Portal venography revealed that the portosystemic shunt was still present one month after the second surgery.</p> <p>Conclusions</p><p>Magnamosis via a device of novel design was successfully used to establish a portacaval shunt in dogs.</p> </div

Portography during the second surgery and after the surgery.

<p><b>A</b>, During the second surgery, the contrast media can be observed flowing from the portal vein into the inferior vena cava. <b>B</b>, Portal venography revealed that the portosystemic shunt still existed one month after the second surgery.</p

Model inputs.

Model inputs.</p

Histology of the portal-inferior vena cava shunt.

<p><b>A</b>, The two magnets stably matched and a large number of fibrous connective tissue can be observed around the anastomosis. <b>B</b>, Mild intimal hyperplasia in the portal vein and the inferior vena cava (H&E staining, 40×). <b>C</b>, Continuity of the vascular adventitia from the portal vein to the inferior vena cava (H&E staining, 40×). <b>D</b>, A large quantity of tidily arranged collagen surrounding the adventitia (Masson’s trichrome stain, 40×). Red arrow: continuous fusion between the portal vein and the vascular adventitia of the inferior vena cava.</p