Kesesakan Dan Agresivitas Pada Remaja Di Kawasan Tambak Lorok Semarang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kesesakan dengan agresivitas pada remaja yang tinggal di Kawasan Tambak Lorok Semarang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja yang tinggal di Kawasan Tambak Lorok Semarang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan dua buah skala yaitu, Skala Agresivitas (22 aitem; α=0,864) dan Skala Kesesakan (16 aitem; α=0,828). Subjek penelitian berjumlah 230 remaja yang tinggal di Kawasan Tambak Lorok Semarang yang dipilih melalui teknik simple random sampling. Hasil analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis regresi sederhana menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif antara kesesakan dengan agresivitas pada remaja yang tinggal Kawasan Tambak Lorok Semarang (r=0,578; p=0,000). Semakin tinggi kesesakan yang dirasakan subjek maka semakin tinggi agresivitas. Kesesakan memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 33,4% pada agresivitas dan sisanya sebesar 66,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini

Table_2_Re-analysis of gene mutations found in pituitary stalk interruption syndrome and a new hypothesis on the etiology.xlsx

BackgroundPituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by varied pituitary hormone deficiencies, leading to severe manifestations across multiple systems. These include lifelong infertility, short stature, mental retardation, and potentially life-threatening pituitary crises if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Despite extensive research, the precise pathogenesis of PSIS remains unclear. Currently, there are two proposed theories regarding the pathogenic mechanisms: the genetic defect theory and the perinatal injury theory.MethodsWe systematically searched English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) and Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang Med Online, Sinomed) up to February 24, 2023, to summarize studies on gene sequencing in PSIS patients. Enrichment analyses of reported mutated genes were subsequently performed using the Metascape platform.ResultsOur study included 37 articles. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed mutated genes were enriched in the Notch signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated mutated genes were enriched in biological processes such as embryonic development, brain development, axon development and guidance, and development of other organs.ConclusionBased on our summary and analyses, we propose a new hypothesis: disruptions in normal embryonic development, partially stemming from the genetic background and/or specific gene mutations in individuals, may increase the likelihood of abnormal fetal deliveries, where different degrees of traction during delivery may lead to different levels of pituitary stalk interruption and posterior lobe ectopia. The clinical diversity observed in PSIS patients may result from a combination of genetic background, specific mutations, and variable degrees of traction during delivery.</p

Residue determination and risk assessment of benziothiazolinone in citrus by LC-MS/MS

A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology was used to determine benziothiazolinone in citrus. Orthogonal test and single-factor analysis were conducted to identify the optimal extraction method of benziothiazolinone. The good linearity (R2 > 0.9949), high accuracy and precision, matrix effect and satisfactory recoveries (79.31%–98.68%) at three spiked levels (0.02, 0.2 and 2 mg/kg) with low relative standard deviation values (0.63%–8.68%) were validated. The limits of detection and quantification were within 0.2–0.8 and 20 μg/kg, respectively. This study could provide guidance for the reasonable use of this fungicide and for the establishment of maximum residue level.</p

Table_1_Re-analysis of gene mutations found in pituitary stalk interruption syndrome and a new hypothesis on the etiology.docx

BackgroundPituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by varied pituitary hormone deficiencies, leading to severe manifestations across multiple systems. These include lifelong infertility, short stature, mental retardation, and potentially life-threatening pituitary crises if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Despite extensive research, the precise pathogenesis of PSIS remains unclear. Currently, there are two proposed theories regarding the pathogenic mechanisms: the genetic defect theory and the perinatal injury theory.MethodsWe systematically searched English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) and Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang Med Online, Sinomed) up to February 24, 2023, to summarize studies on gene sequencing in PSIS patients. Enrichment analyses of reported mutated genes were subsequently performed using the Metascape platform.ResultsOur study included 37 articles. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed mutated genes were enriched in the Notch signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated mutated genes were enriched in biological processes such as embryonic development, brain development, axon development and guidance, and development of other organs.ConclusionBased on our summary and analyses, we propose a new hypothesis: disruptions in normal embryonic development, partially stemming from the genetic background and/or specific gene mutations in individuals, may increase the likelihood of abnormal fetal deliveries, where different degrees of traction during delivery may lead to different levels of pituitary stalk interruption and posterior lobe ectopia. The clinical diversity observed in PSIS patients may result from a combination of genetic background, specific mutations, and variable degrees of traction during delivery.</p

Self-Augmented Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Nanoformulation with Efficient Curcumin Delivery for Inhibiting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Growth and Migration

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the second most-life-threatening carcinoma to women worldwide. Compared to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, natural compounds, especially curcumin (CUR), have been proven to have therapeutical potential in TNBC treatment. To improve the accumulation of CUR at tumor sites, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanocarrier was developed (CUR@Bio/PE-NPs) with CUR entrapment and biotin conjugation, exhibiting a strong affinity for breast cancer cells. CUR@Bio/PE-NPs demonstrated a particle size of 142.9 nm, good stability, and an encapsulation efficiency of 63.67%, while realizing a positive feedback loop of ROS-accelerated CUR release and CUR-induced ROS generation in tumor cells. In vitro studies revealed that CUR@Bio/PE-NPs induced ROS generation effectively and promoted ∼1.30- and 1.36-fold cellular uptake of Nile red@Bio/PE-NPs compared to nontargeted nanoparticles in MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells, respectively. In addition, CUR@Bio/PE-NPs suppressed their proliferation (IC50, MDA-MB-231:3.277 μg/mL, 4T1:5.259 μg/mL) with increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest while preventing cell-migration and invasion. Importantly, in a 4T1 tumor xenografted mice model, nanoformulation prolonged curcumin accumulation at tumor sites, modulated the tumor immune microenvironment and prevented tumor growth and lung metastases without significant toxicity. In short, the in vitro and in vivo results suggested CUR@Bio/PE-NPs as a promising strategy for TNBC therapy

Evaluation of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Silica Particles on the Release Kinetics of Essential Oil Pickering Emulsions

Colloidal particle-stabilized emulsions have recently gained increasing interest as delivery systems for essential oils. Despite the use of silica particles in food and pharmaceutical applications, the formation and release of hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica particle-stabilized emulsions are still not well studied. Thus, in this study, the structures of hydrophilic (A200, A380, 244FP, and 3150) and hydrophobic (R202 and R106) silica were deeply characterized using the solid state, contact angle, and other properties that could affect the formation of emulsions. Following that, Mosla chinensis essential oil emulsions were stabilized with different types of silica, and their characteristics, particularly their release behavior, were studied. Fick’s second law was used to investigate the mechanism of release. Additionally, six mathematical models were employed to assess the experimental data of release: zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson–Crowell, Peppas, and Page models. The release mechanism of essential oils demonstrated that diffusion was the dominant mechanism, and the fitting results for the release kinetics confirmed that the release profiles were governed by the Higuchi model. The contact angle and specific surface area were the key properties that affect the release of essential oils from emulsions. Hydrophilic A200 was found to be capable of delivering essential oils more efficiently, and silica particles could be extended to achieve the controlled release of bioactives. This study showed that understanding the impact of silica particles on the release behavior provided the basis for modulating and mapping material properties to optimize the performance of emulsion products

IFN-γ enhances MФ to prime cytotoxic T cells response <i>in vitro.</i>

<p>BMMфs were transduced with Ad-con and cocultured with CD4⁺ OT-II (<b>A</b>) or CD8⁺ OT-I (<b>B</b>) T cells in the presence of the different doses of IL-6, IL-12 or IFN-γ (2.5 ug/ml or 10 ug/ml ) for 3–5 days. A20-silenced MФ priming OT-II or OT-I T cells was used as positive control. Expression of granzyme B in T cells was assessed by ICS assay. The data is a representative of three independent experiments. p<0.01, OT-II/con-Mф+IFN-γ(10 ug/ml) vs. OT-II/con-Mф or OT-I/con-Mф+IFN-γ (10 ug/ml) vs. OT-I/con-Mф.</p

A20 controls maturation and cytokine production of Mф.

<p><b>A</b>. Expression of costimulatory molecules and MHC class II molecule on the adenoviral-transduced BMMф in response to stimulation of LPS. <b>B</b>. Production of inflammatory cytokines by the adenoviral-transduced BMMфs, as tested by ELISA. <b>C</b>. NO production by adenoviral-transduced BMMфs, as tested by Griess assay. Experiments were repeated three times with similar results. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 Ad-shA20- vs. Ad-con-transduced Mф.</p

A20-silenced Mф immunization enhances NK cell-, CD8⁺ T cell- and CD4⁺ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

<p>Splenocytes pooled from 2–3 immunized mice were cultured overnight for NK-mediated cytotoxicity assay or 5–6 days in the presence of OT-I or OT-II peptide for T cells-mediated cytotoxicity assay. The splenocytes cultured with OT-II peptide were selected using anti-CD4 beads prior to cytotoxicity assay. Cytotoxic activities were analyzed by LDH release assay as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0048930#s4" target="_blank">Material and Methods</a>. Experiments were repeated three times with similar results. *p<0.05, Ad-shA20-Mф immunization vs. Ad-con-Mф immunization for specific killing.</p

Neutralization of IFN-γ reduces A20-silenced MФ to prime cytotoxic T cell response <i>in vitro.</i>

<p>BMMфs were transduced with Ad-shA20 and cocultured with CD4⁺ OT-II (<b>A</b>) or CD8⁺ OT-I (<b>B</b>) T cells in the presence of the different doses of anti-IL-6, anti-IL-12 or anti-IFN-γ (2.5 ug/ml, 10 ug/ml, or 20 ug/ml ) for 3–5 days. Expression of granzyme B in T cells was assessed by ICS assay. The data is a representative of three independent experiments. p<0.01, OT-II/AdshA20-Mф vs. OT-II/AdshA20-Mф+anti-IFN-γ(20 ug/ml).</p