Multiband slot antennas for metal back cover mobile handsets

New multiband integrated slot antennas for mobile handsets are presented for GSM, DCS, PCS and WCDMA, GPS and WIFI 2.4 GHz. Prototypes, both simulated and measured, are realised in the metal back cover away from the hand. Perturbations due to tissue proximity are simulated using a CTIA compliant hand phantom

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Hak Karyawan dengan Sistem Outsourcing pada Perusahaan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (Bumn) di Kota Pontianak

This study aims to determine: 1) the reasons BUMN In Pontianak using a system of Outsourcing in the recruitment of employees. 2) outsourcing practices in BUMN in Pontianak, 3) the factors that cause outsourcing system has not given legal protection of employees and 4) the perspective of the legal regulation of the employees who were recruited by the BUMN system outsourcing in Indonesia. The research was conducted at the Department of Social Welfare and Labor Pontianak, and involve Pontianak Trade Union Chairman, Director of PT. Media Prima HR Solutions in Pontianak, Director of PT. Telkom Pontianak, Director of PT. PLN Pontianak, Director of PT. Pertamina Pontianak and workers / laborers who work in state-owned companies Pontianak. Data collection methods used were interviews, questionnaires, and direct observations. The data obtained in qualitative analysis. The results show that the legal protection of workers / laborers, both contradictory, always found the gap between das sollen (must) and das science (reality) and always appeared discrepancy between the law in the books and law in action. Fact of economic life with the hegemony of financial capitalism has operated through the "dis-solution subject" who do not see the workers / laborers as production subject that should be protected, but rather as an object that can be exploited, this is what happens in the practice of outsourcing in Indonesia, so that the legalization of outsourcing by Law No. 13 Year 2003 on Manpower reap kotroversi. For those who disagree argue useful in outsourced business development and create new jobs. For those who refused to believe the practice of outsourcing is a modern style of capitalism that brought misery to the workers / laborers. Based on the fact that the authors formulate the problem: 1) Why BUMN In Pontianak Still Using Outsourcing System In Recruitment? 2) Why not outsource system provide legal protection for employees? 3) How should the legal arrangements for employees who were recruited by the BUMN system outsourcing in Indonesia? The objectives are: 1) To explain the reasons BUMN In Pontianak using Outsourcing the recruitment system. 2) To determine the state of outsourcing practices in Pontianak. 3) To disclose and explain the factors that cause outsourcing system has not been providing legal protection for employees. 4) To reveal the perspective of the legal regulation of the employees who were recruited by the BUMN system outsourcing in Indonesia. To answer the problems and research objectives, juridical approach used empirical / sociological research Descriptive Analytical specifications. Data types include Primary Data and Secondary Data collected through library research and documentation (library and documentation) as well as field research (field research), while the sampling was done by using non-random sampling with purposive sampling method. From the discussion, note that the legality of many violations of outsourcing in terms of Pontianak, employment protection and working conditions for workers / laborers outsourcing is not given by the employer to the fullest, while legal protection for workers / laborers are constrained due to the weakness in the system employment law, good substance, structure and culture. Therefore, it is necessary revision of labor legislation, the Local Government of Pontianak need to increase the numberof labor inspectors personnel, provide facilities and an adequate budget for the operation of the labor inspection in order to carry out its duties and functions to the fullest and empower Unions / Union to be able to carry out the purposes and functions well.Keywords: Outsourcing employee/ labour and Legal Protection. A B S T R A KPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : 1) alasan BUMN Di Kota Pontianak menggunakan sistem Outsourcing dalam perekrutan karyawan. 2) praktik outsourcing pada BUMN di Kota Pontianak, 3) faktor-faktor penyebab sistem outsourcing belum memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap karyawan dan 4) perspektif pengaturan hukum terhadap karyawan yang direkrut dengan sistem outsourcing pada BUMN di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Dinas Sosial dan Tenaga Kerja Pontianak, dan melibatkan Ketua Serikat Buruh Kota Pontianak, Direktur PT. Media Prima HR Solutions di Kota Pontianak, Direktur PT. Telkom Kota Pontianak, Direktur PT. PLN Pontianak, Direktur PT. Pertamina Pontianak serta pekerja/buruh yang bekerja pada Perusahaan BUMN Kota Pontianak. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, kuesioner, dan pengamatan langsung. Data yang diperoleh di analisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum pekerja/buruh, keduanya saling bertentangan, selalu dijumpai kesenjangan antara das sollen (keharusan) dan das sain (Kenyataan) dan selalu muncul diskrepansi antara law in the books dan law in action. Nyatanya kehidupan ekonomi dengan hegemoni kapitalisme financial telah beroperasi melalui dis-solution subject yang tidak memandang pekerja/buruh sebagai subjek produksi yang patut dilindungi, melainkan sebagai objek yang bisa di eksploitasi, inilah yang terjadi dalam praktik outsourcing di Indonesia, sehingga legalisasi outsourcing berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan menuai kotroversi. Bagi yang setuju berdalih outsourcing bermanfaat dalam pengembangan usaha dan membuka lapangan kerja baru. Bagi yang menolak beranggapan praktik outsourcing merupakan corak kapitalisme modern yang membawa kesengsaraan bagi pekerja/buruh. Berdasarkan Kenyataan itu penulis merumuskan masalah : 1) Mengapa BUMN Di Kota Pontianak Masih Menggunakan Sistem Outsourcing Dalam Perekrutan Karyawan ? 2) Mengapa sistem outsourcing tidak memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap karyawan ? 3) Bagaimana seharusnya pengaturan hukum terhadap karyawan yang direkrut dengan sistem outsourcing pada BUMN di Indonesia ? Tujuannya adalah : 1) Untuk menjelaskan mengenai alasan BUMN Di Kota Pontianak menggunakan sistem Outsourcing dalam perekrutan karyawan. 2) Untuk mengetahui praktik outsourcing pada BUMN di Kota Pontianak. 3) Untuk mengungkapkan dan menjelaskan faktor-faktor penyebab sistem outsourcing belum memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap karyawan. 4) Untuk mengungkapkan perspektif pengaturan hukum terhadap karyawan yang direkrut dengan sistem outsourcing pada BUMN di Indonesia. Untuk menjawab permasalahan dan tujuan penelitian, digunakan metode pendekatan yuridis empiris/sosiologis dengan spesifikasi penelitian Deskriptif Analitis. Jenis datanya meliputi Data Primer dan Data Skunder yang dikumpulkan melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan dokumentasi(library and documentation) serta penelitian lapangan(field research), sedangkan pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik Non Random Sampling dengan metode Purposive Sampling. Dari hasil pembahasan diketahui bahwa secara legalitas banyak terjadi pelanggaran syarat-syarat outsourcing di Kota Pontianak, perlindungan kerja dan syarat-syarat kerja bagi pekerja/buruh outsourcing tidak diberikan oleh pengusaha secara maksimal, sedangkan perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja/buruh terkendala karena adanyakelemahan dalam system hukum ketenagakerjaan, baik substansi, struktur maupun kulturnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu revisi atas beberapa peraturan Perundang-undangan ketenagakerjaan, Pemerintah Daerah Kota Pontianak perlu menambah jumlah personel pegawai pengawas ketenagakerjaan, menyediakan sarana dan fasilitas serta anggaran yang memadai untuk operasional pengawasan ketenagakerjaan agar dapat menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya secara maksimal serta memberdayakan Serikat Pekerja/Serikat Buruh agar mampu menjalankan tujuan dan fungsinya dengan baik.Kata Kunci : Pekerja/Buruh Outsourcing dan Perlindungan Hukum

Inverted Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Fabricated by All-Solution Processing

All-solution processed, multilayer, and inverted quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) are developed in this work. To protect the QDs from dissolving by the solvents of upper layers, the solvents of poly­(9-vinlycarbazole) (PVK) hole transporting layer are first investigated. The QD layer has been less affected by <i>o</i>-dichlorobenzene solvent than other typical solvents like chloroform and chlorobenzene. Second, to deposit a hydrophilic poly­(ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) hole injection layer on top of hydrophobic PVK, the surface energy of the PEDOT:PSS is reduced by using isopropanol as the additive. With optimized conditions, the demonstrated QD-LEDs exhibit a maximum luminance of 16290 cd/m² and a peak current efficiency of 4.1 cd/A, which is the highest among the reported values. These results may offer a practicable platform for further research, leading to the achievement of all-solution processed, multilayer, and efficient inverted QD-LEDs

Performance of Inverted Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Enhanced by Using Phosphorescent Molecules as Exciton Harvesters

Exciton harvesters based on blue phosphorescent molecules bis­(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinato-<i>N</i>,C2)­picolinatoiridium (FIrpic) doped in 4,4′,4″-tris­(carbazol-9-yl)­triphenylamine (TCTA) are used to enhance the performance of inverted quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs). In the proposed device structures, electrons that leak to the TCTA layer can be effectively captured by FIrpic and subsequently can recombine in the TCTA:FIrpic layer. The harvested energy is then nonradiatively transferred to the adjacent QDs via Förster dipole–dipole coupling mechanism. Because of effective harvest of leaked electrons and complete energy transfer from FIrpic to the adjacent QDs, the demonstrated QD-LEDs exhibit pure QD emission, higher efficiency (1.62-fold improvement), and longer lifetime

Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Can Mediate Degradation of the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP-1)

<div><p>Elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDLc) levels are a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. LDLc is cleared from circulation by the LDL receptor (LDLR). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) enhances the degradation of the LDLR in endosomes/lysosomes, resulting in increased circulating LDLc. PCSK9 can also mediate the degradation of LDLR lacking its cytosolic tail, suggesting the presence of as yet undefined lysosomal-targeting factor(s). Herein, we confirm this, and also eliminate a role for the transmembrane-domain of the LDLR in mediating its PCSK9-induced internalization and degradation. Recent findings from our laboratory also suggest a role for PCSK9 in enhancing tumor metastasis. We show herein that while the LDLR is insensitive to PCSK9 in murine B16F1 melanoma cells, PCSK9 is able to induce degradation of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1), suggesting distinct targeting mechanisms for these receptors. Furthermore, PCSK9 is still capable of acting upon the LDLR in CHO 13-5-1 cells lacking LRP-1. Conversely, PCSK9 also acts on LRP-1 in the absence of the LDLR in CHO-A7 cells, where re-introduction of the LDLR leads to reduced PCSK9-mediated degradation of LRP-1. Thus, while PCSK9 is capable of inducing degradation of LRP-1, the latter is not an essential factor for LDLR regulation, but the LDLR effectively competes with LRP-1 for PCSK9 activity. Identification of PCSK9 targets should allow a better understanding of the consequences of PCSK9 inhibition for lowering LDLc and tumor metastasis.</p></div

PCSK9 acts on the LDLR independent of the receptor's CT and TMD.

<p><b>A</b>) Generation of chimeric truncated LDLR-V5 constructs. Schematic representation of the LDLR, LDLR lacking its CT (ΔCT), and ΔCT in which the LDLR TMD was swapped with that of ACE2 (ΔCT_TMDace2) or VLDLR (ΔCT_TMDvldlr). All constructs contained a C-terminal V5-tag. <b>B</b>) Expression in HEK293 cells. WT and chimeric LDLR constructs were transfected in HEK293 cells. Construct expression was assessed by immunoblotting with mAb-V5. Both mature and immature forms of the LDLR were detected. β-actin was used as a loading control. <b>C)</b> PCSK9 induces LDLR degradation independent of the LDLR's CT and TMD. LDLR, ΔCT, and the ΔCT_TMDace2 and ΔCT_TMDvldlr chimeric constructs were expressed in HEK293 cells. Twenty-four hours post-transfection, the cells were treated overnight with empty vector control pIRES-V5 or PCSK9-V5 conditioned media, which contains both full length PCSK9 and its furin cleaved product at Arg₂₁₈, PCSK9-ΔN₂₁₈<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0064145#pone.0064145-Benjannet4" target="_blank">[33]</a>. Cells were lysed in 1x RIPA and subjected to Western blot analysis. LDLR and PCSK9 were detected with mAb-V5. β-actin was employed as a loading control. The ability of PCSK9 to induce degradation of the LDLR constructs was quantified using NIH ImageJ software and calculated relative to treatment with pIRES conditioned media. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments. <b>D</b>) PCSK9 reduces cell surface LDLR levels independent of the receptor's CT and TMD. To assess the ability of PCSK9 added exogenously to HEK293 cells expressing the LDLR or its chimeric constructs, transfected cells were treated overnight with empty vector control pIRES-V5 or PCSK9-V5 conditioned media. Subsequently, surface LDLR was quantified by FACS analysis. The values obtained after treatment with PCSK9 are represented graphically relative to treatment with control pIRES. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments. Error bars represent SEM. *, <i>p</i><0.05 (Student's t test).</p

The catalytic domain of PCSK9 is required for LRP-1 degradation.

<p><b>A</b>) Chimeric PCSK9 constructs. Schematic representation of PCSK9 and its CHRD coupled to the TMD and CT of LAMP1. The constructs contained C-terminal V5-tags. <b>B</b>) HEK293 cells were transfected with PCSK9 and the CHRD-LAMP1 chimeric constructs. Expression of the PCSK9 constructs was assessed by Western blotting using mAb-V5. The effects of these constructs on the levels LDLR and LRP-1 were determined by immunoblotting with anti-human LDLR and LRP-1 antibodies. LDLR and LRP-1 levels were measured relative to β-actin levels. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments.</p

PCSK9 enhances the degradation of the LRP-1 in melanoma B16 cells.

<p><b>A</b>) LDLR and LRP-1 are differentially regulated in B16F1 and B16F10 cells. The expression levels of endogenous PCSK9, LDLR, and LRP-1 mRNA were quantified by qPCR in B16F1 and B16F10 melanoma cells. Expression values were normalized to that of housekeeping gene TBP mRNA. Error bars represent SEM. *, <i>p</i><0.05 (Student's t test). <b>B)</b> LDLR and LRP-1 are differentially regulated. B16F1 and B16F10 cells were transfected with control empty pIRES vector, PCSK9 or the GOF PCSK9^D374Y. The media of these cells were analyzed by Western blot to show the expression and secretion of PCSK9 using mAb-V5. The protein levels of LDLR, LRP-1 and β-actin were revealed in total cell lysates using anti-mouse LDLR, anti-LRP-1 and anti-β-actin antibodies. The immunoblots were submitted to quantitative analysis using NIH ImageJ software. The relative intensities were normalized to β-actin and are representative of three independent experiments.</p

Proteomics analysis of the livers of WT <i>versus Pcsk9^−/−</i> mice.

<p>Proteomics analysis of the livers of <i>Pcsk9^−/−</i> mice. List of membrane proteins identified by quantitative mass spectrometry of livers isolated from <i>Pcsk9^−/−</i> mice and compared to their WT littermates. The proteins listed here include only membrane-bound secretory proteins containing signal peptide/membrane anchors, TMDs, and not exclusively localized in the ER or mitochondrial compartments. “Ratio” values indicate the relate abundance of the protein in <i>Pcsk9^−/−</i> livers <i>versus</i> those of WT mice.</p

PCSK9 induces degradation of LRP-1.

<p><b>A</b>) PCSK9 transfection. HEK293 cells were transfected with PCSK9-V5 or empty control pIRES-V5 vector prior to being lysed in 1x RIPA. LDLR and LRP-1 levels were examined by Western blot in these cells, as well as in HepG2 cells stably expressing PCSK9-shRNA. PCSK9 levels were assessed using mAb-V5 in HEK293 cells and an anti-PCSK9 antibody in HepG2 cells. The levels of LDLR and LRP-1 were estimated relative to β-actin. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments. <b>B</b>) PCSK9 media swap. Conditioned serum-free media collected from HEK293 cells transfected with PCSK9-V5 or empty control pIRES-V5 vector was collected and applied to naive HEK293 or HepG2 cells. The effect of exogenous PCSK9 on LDLR and LRP-1 was assessed by Western blotting with anti-hLDLR and LRP-1 antibodies respectively. Cell-associated PCSK9 was measured using mAb-V5. The relative intensities of LDLR and LRP-1 were normalized to β-actin using NIH ImageJ software. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments.</p